Abstract
2 Abstract: Two pot experiments were carried out in the screen of National Research Centre during two successive seasons 20/11/2002/2003 - 2003/2004 to alleviate the harmful effects of high temperature stress (35 C ± 2) on wheat cultivar (Giza 168) by the application of arginine or putrescine o (0.0, 1.25 and 2.5 mM). Wheat plants are grown normally and sprayed with arginine or putrescine at 30 DAS and left to grow. At 40 DAS (double ridge stage), the plants are exposed to high temperature stress (35 C ± 2) for 4 or 8 hrs while the control plants left at 20 C ± 2. The plant o o samples were harvested at 48 hrs after the exposure to high temperature. The induced changes in the enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation, nucleic acid contents and protein electrophoretic pattern in the treated wheat plants were determined., The activities of POX, PPO and IAA - oxidase enzymes were increased significantly in wheat plants exposed to high temperature, while, SOD and CAT activities were decreased compared to the values of plants exposed to high temperature stress. Arginine or putrescine treated plants prior to high temperature exposure showed significant reductions in the activities of POX, PPO and IAA - oxidase enzymes and significant increases in SOD and CAT activities than those of the corresponding plants exposed to high temperature stress alone. Exposure of wheat plants to high temperature (4 or 8 hrs) increased significantly the MDA contents in the wheat shoots as a result of lipid peroxidation. Arginine or putrescine treatments induced significant reduction in these contents. DNA contents of wheat plants exposed to high temperature decreased significantly. Such effect was much more pronounced in response to 8 hrs. In the meantime, RNA contents exhibited significant increases over the control. The application of either arginine or Put on wheat plants increased significantly both DNA and RNA contents over the plants exposed to the high temperature stress or the control plants. The changes in the protein electrophoretic pattern of the exposed wheat plants to 4 or 8 h of high temperature exhibited an increase in the number of protein bands as compared to the control. The appearance of new proteins in wheat shoots subjected to the high temperature stress are at molecular weights 111, 90, 70, 45, 32, 24 and 8 KDa. All these proteins are known to be heat shock proteins. Exposing wheat plants to high temperature after arginine or Put treatments exhibited slight increases in the number of bands compared to the plants exposed to the high temperature stress alone. Arginine or Put treatment promotes the synthesis of a new protein bands at M wt 80.9 K Da under normal and high temperature stress. The magnitude of such responses was more pronounced in case of 2.5 mM treatments of either substance.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Heat increased POX, PPO and IAA oxidase activities.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0e1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activities of POX, PPO and IAA - oxidase enzymes were increased significantly in wheat plants exposed to high temperature”
t0“Antioxidant Defense System in Heat Shocked Wheat Plants Previously Treated with Arginine or Putrescine.”
e1“Exposure of wheat plants to high temperature (4 or 8 hrs) increased significantly the MDA contents in the wheat shoots”
e2“significant increases in SOD and CAT activities than those of the corresponding plants exposed to high temperature stress alone.”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat decreased SOD and CAT activities.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0e1e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SOD and CAT activities were decreased compared to the values of plants exposed to high temperature stress.”
t0“Antioxidant Defense System in Heat Shocked Wheat Plants Previously Treated with Arginine or Putrescine.”
e1“Exposure of wheat plants to high temperature (4 or 8 hrs) increased significantly the MDA contents in the wheat shoots”
e2“significant increases in SOD and CAT activities than those of the corresponding plants exposed to high temperature stress alone.”
Claim · model-written summary
Arginine pretreatment reduced POX, PPO and IAA oxidase activity under heat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0e1e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arginine or putrescine treated plants prior to high temperature exposure showed significant reductions in the activities of POX, PPO and IAA - oxidase enzymes”
t0“Antioxidant Defense System in Heat Shocked Wheat Plants Previously Treated with Arginine or Putrescine.”
e1“Exposure of wheat plants to high temperature (4 or 8 hrs) increased significantly the MDA contents in the wheat shoots”
e2“significant increases in SOD and CAT activities than those of the corresponding plants exposed to high temperature stress alone.”
Claim · model-written summary
Putrescine pretreatment reduced POX, PPO and IAA oxidase activity under heat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0e1e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arginine or putrescine treated plants prior to high temperature exposure showed significant reductions in the activities of POX, PPO and IAA - oxidase enzymes”
t0“Antioxidant Defense System in Heat Shocked Wheat Plants Previously Treated with Arginine or Putrescine.”
e1“Exposure of wheat plants to high temperature (4 or 8 hrs) increased significantly the MDA contents in the wheat shoots”
e2“significant increases in SOD and CAT activities than those of the corresponding plants exposed to high temperature stress alone.”
Claim · model-written summary
Arginine pretreatment raised SOD and CAT activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0e1e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant increases in SOD and CAT activities than those of the corresponding plants exposed to high temperature stress alone.”
t0“Antioxidant Defense System in Heat Shocked Wheat Plants Previously Treated with Arginine or Putrescine.”
e1“Exposure of wheat plants to high temperature (4 or 8 hrs) increased significantly the MDA contents in the wheat shoots”
e2“significant increases in SOD and CAT activities than those of the corresponding plants exposed to high temperature stress alone.”
Claim · model-written summary
Putrescine pretreatment raised SOD and CAT activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0e1e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant increases in SOD and CAT activities than those of the corresponding plants exposed to high temperature stress alone.”
t0“Antioxidant Defense System in Heat Shocked Wheat Plants Previously Treated with Arginine or Putrescine.”
e1“Exposure of wheat plants to high temperature (4 or 8 hrs) increased significantly the MDA contents in the wheat shoots”
e2“significant increases in SOD and CAT activities than those of the corresponding plants exposed to high temperature stress alone.”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat increased shoot MDA content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0e1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposure of wheat plants to high temperature (4 or 8 hrs) increased significantly the MDA contents in the wheat shoots”
t0“Antioxidant Defense System in Heat Shocked Wheat Plants Previously Treated with Arginine or Putrescine.”
e1“Exposure of wheat plants to high temperature (4 or 8 hrs) increased significantly the MDA contents in the wheat shoots”
e2“significant increases in SOD and CAT activities than those of the corresponding plants exposed to high temperature stress alone.”
Claim · model-written summary
Arginine reduced MDA content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0e1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arginine or putrescine treatments induced significant reduction in these contents.”
t0“Antioxidant Defense System in Heat Shocked Wheat Plants Previously Treated with Arginine or Putrescine.”
e1“Exposure of wheat plants to high temperature (4 or 8 hrs) increased significantly the MDA contents in the wheat shoots”
e2“significant increases in SOD and CAT activities than those of the corresponding plants exposed to high temperature stress alone.”
Claim · model-written summary
Putrescine reduced MDA content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0e1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arginine or putrescine treatments induced significant reduction in these contents.”
t0“Antioxidant Defense System in Heat Shocked Wheat Plants Previously Treated with Arginine or Putrescine.”
e1“Exposure of wheat plants to high temperature (4 or 8 hrs) increased significantly the MDA contents in the wheat shoots”
e2“significant increases in SOD and CAT activities than those of the corresponding plants exposed to high temperature stress alone.”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat decreased DNA content, especially after eight hours.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0e1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DNA contents of wheat plants exposed to high temperature decreased significantly. Such effect was much more pronounced in response to 8 hrs.”
t0“Antioxidant Defense System in Heat Shocked Wheat Plants Previously Treated with Arginine or Putrescine.”
e1“Exposure of wheat plants to high temperature (4 or 8 hrs) increased significantly the MDA contents in the wheat shoots”
e2“significant increases in SOD and CAT activities than those of the corresponding plants exposed to high temperature stress alone.”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat increased RNA content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0e1e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RNA contents exhibited significant increases over the control.”
t0“Antioxidant Defense System in Heat Shocked Wheat Plants Previously Treated with Arginine or Putrescine.”
e1“Exposure of wheat plants to high temperature (4 or 8 hrs) increased significantly the MDA contents in the wheat shoots”
e2“significant increases in SOD and CAT activities than those of the corresponding plants exposed to high temperature stress alone.”
Claim · model-written summary
Arginine increased DNA and RNA content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0e1e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of either arginine or Put on wheat plants increased significantly both DNA and RNA contents over the plants exposed to the high temperature stress or the control plants.”
t0“Antioxidant Defense System in Heat Shocked Wheat Plants Previously Treated with Arginine or Putrescine.”
e1“Exposure of wheat plants to high temperature (4 or 8 hrs) increased significantly the MDA contents in the wheat shoots”
e2“significant increases in SOD and CAT activities than those of the corresponding plants exposed to high temperature stress alone.”
Claim · model-written summary
Putrescine increased DNA and RNA content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0e1e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of either arginine or Put on wheat plants increased significantly both DNA and RNA contents over the plants exposed to the high temperature stress or the control plants.”
t0“Antioxidant Defense System in Heat Shocked Wheat Plants Previously Treated with Arginine or Putrescine.”
e1“Exposure of wheat plants to high temperature (4 or 8 hrs) increased significantly the MDA contents in the wheat shoots”
e2“significant increases in SOD and CAT activities than those of the corresponding plants exposed to high temperature stress alone.”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat increased protein band number.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0e1e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The changes in the protein electrophoretic pattern of the exposed wheat plants to 4 or 8 h of high temperature exhibited an increase in the number of protein bands as compared to the control.”
t0“Antioxidant Defense System in Heat Shocked Wheat Plants Previously Treated with Arginine or Putrescine.”
e1“Exposure of wheat plants to high temperature (4 or 8 hrs) increased significantly the MDA contents in the wheat shoots”
e2“significant increases in SOD and CAT activities than those of the corresponding plants exposed to high temperature stress alone.”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat induced protein bands at seven reported molecular weights.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0e1e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The appearance of new proteins in wheat shoots subjected to the high temperature stress are at molecular weights 111, 90, 70, 45, 32, 24 and 8 KDa.”
t0“Antioxidant Defense System in Heat Shocked Wheat Plants Previously Treated with Arginine or Putrescine.”
e1“Exposure of wheat plants to high temperature (4 or 8 hrs) increased significantly the MDA contents in the wheat shoots”
e2“significant increases in SOD and CAT activities than those of the corresponding plants exposed to high temperature stress alone.”
Claim · model-written summary
Arginine pretreatment slightly increased band number under heat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0e1e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposing wheat plants to high temperature after arginine or Put treatments exhibited slight increases in the number of bands compared to the plants exposed to the high temperature stress alone.”
t0“Antioxidant Defense System in Heat Shocked Wheat Plants Previously Treated with Arginine or Putrescine.”
e1“Exposure of wheat plants to high temperature (4 or 8 hrs) increased significantly the MDA contents in the wheat shoots”
e2“significant increases in SOD and CAT activities than those of the corresponding plants exposed to high temperature stress alone.”
Claim · model-written summary
Putrescine pretreatment slightly increased band number under heat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0e1e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposing wheat plants to high temperature after arginine or Put treatments exhibited slight increases in the number of bands compared to the plants exposed to the high temperature stress alone.”
t0“Antioxidant Defense System in Heat Shocked Wheat Plants Previously Treated with Arginine or Putrescine.”
e1“Exposure of wheat plants to high temperature (4 or 8 hrs) increased significantly the MDA contents in the wheat shoots”
e2“significant increases in SOD and CAT activities than those of the corresponding plants exposed to high temperature stress alone.”
Claim · model-written summary
Arginine promoted a new protein band at 80.9 K Da.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0e1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arginine or Put treatment promotes the synthesis of a new protein bands at M wt 80.9 K Da under normal and high temperature stress.”
t0“Antioxidant Defense System in Heat Shocked Wheat Plants Previously Treated with Arginine or Putrescine.”
e1“Exposure of wheat plants to high temperature (4 or 8 hrs) increased significantly the MDA contents in the wheat shoots”
e2“significant increases in SOD and CAT activities than those of the corresponding plants exposed to high temperature stress alone.”
Claim · model-written summary
Putrescine promoted a new protein band at 80.9 K Da.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0e1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arginine or Put treatment promotes the synthesis of a new protein bands at M wt 80.9 K Da under normal and high temperature stress.”
t0“Antioxidant Defense System in Heat Shocked Wheat Plants Previously Treated with Arginine or Putrescine.”
e1“Exposure of wheat plants to high temperature (4 or 8 hrs) increased significantly the MDA contents in the wheat shoots”
e2“significant increases in SOD and CAT activities than those of the corresponding plants exposed to high temperature stress alone.”
Claim · model-written summary
Responses were more pronounced at 2.5 mM.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0e1e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The magnitude of such responses was more pronounced in case of 2.5 mM treatments of either substance.”
t0“Antioxidant Defense System in Heat Shocked Wheat Plants Previously Treated with Arginine or Putrescine.”
e1“Exposure of wheat plants to high temperature (4 or 8 hrs) increased significantly the MDA contents in the wheat shoots”
e2“significant increases in SOD and CAT activities than those of the corresponding plants exposed to high temperature stress alone.”
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