Abstract
The role of exogenously-applied polyamines [i.e., spermine (Spm), spermidine (Spd) and putrescine (Put)] in the improvement of cadmium (Cd2+) tolerance in wheat plants, and their effects on growth, yield and its components and changes in the osmoprotectant and endogenous Cd2+ concentrations and the contents of some nutrients in plants grown under 2.0 mM Cd2+ stress were assessed. The efficiency of wheat plants to tolerate Cd2+ stress in terms of growth and yield characteristics was noticed to varying degrees with the three applied polyamines. The reasonable growth of Cd2+-stressed seedlings and consequently acceptable grain yield was correlated with the improvements in the concentrations of osmoprotectants and tissue health in terms of relative water content (RWC) and membrane stability index (MSI), and reductions in electrolyte leakage (EL) and tissue Cd2+ concentration. Results show that, seed soaking in 0.25 mM Spm, 0.50 mM Spd or 1.0 mM Put generated significant better growth and yield characteristics, MSI, RWC, leaf photosynthetic pigment and osmoprotectant concentrations, and nutrient contents than seed soaking with water under 2.0 mM Cd2+ stress. In contrast, the Cd2+ concentration and EL were significantly reduced. However, the Cd2+-free control was the best treatment when compared to the all other stressed treatments. Seed soaking in 1.0 mM Put was the best, generating wheat plants that most tolerant to Cd2+ stress than those generated from the other two polyamines. Therefore, this study recommend to use the 1.0 mM Put, as seed soaking treatment for wheat to grow well under Cd2+ stress.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Growth and yield of Cd2+-stressed wheat were correlated with higher osmoprotectant concentrations.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume2 - Compound
- osmoprotectantse1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The reasonable growth of Cd2+-stressed seedlings and consequently acceptable grain yield was correlated with the improvements in the concentrations of osmoprotectants and tissue health in terms of relative water content (RWC) and membrane stability index (MSI), and reductions in electrolyte leakage (EL) and tissue Cd2+ concentration”
e2“the improvement of cadmium (Cd2+) tolerance in wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Reductions in electrolyte leakage and tissue Cd2+ concentration were correlated with Cd2+ stress tolerance of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Organ / stage
- tissuee1
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakage (EL) and tissue Cd2+ concentratione1
- Direction
- reductionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The reasonable growth of Cd2+-stressed seedlings and consequently acceptable grain yield was correlated with the improvements in the concentrations of osmoprotectants and tissue health in terms of relative water content (RWC) and membrane stability index (MSI), and reductions in electrolyte leakage (EL) and tissue Cd2+ concentration”
e2“the improvement of cadmium (Cd2+) tolerance in wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed soaking in 0.25 mM Spm gave significantly better growth and yield characteristics, MSI and RWC than water under 2.0 mM Cd2+ stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- 0.25 mM Spme1
- Outcome
- growth and yield characteristics, MSI, RWCe1
- Direction
- bettere1
- Qualifier
- 2.0 mM Cd2+ stresse1
- Comparator
- seed soaking with watere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Results show that, seed soaking in 0.25 mM Spm, 0.50 mM Spd or 1.0 mM Put generated significant better growth and yield characteristics, MSI, RWC, leaf photosynthetic pigment and osmoprotectant concentrations, and nutrient contents than seed soaking with water under 2.0 mM Cd2+ stress”
e2“the improvement of cadmium (Cd2+) tolerance in wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed soaking in 0.25 mM Spm gave significantly better leaf photosynthetic pigment, osmoprotectant concentrations and nutrient contents than water under 2.0 mM Cd2+ stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- 0.25 mM Spme1
- Outcome
- leaf photosynthetic pigment and osmoprotectant concentrations, and nutrient contentse1
- Direction
- bettere1
- Qualifier
- 2.0 mM Cd2+ stresse1
- Comparator
- seed soaking with watere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Results show that, seed soaking in 0.25 mM Spm, 0.50 mM Spd or 1.0 mM Put generated significant better growth and yield characteristics, MSI, RWC, leaf photosynthetic pigment and osmoprotectant concentrations, and nutrient contents than seed soaking with water under 2.0 mM Cd2+ stress”
e2“the improvement of cadmium (Cd2+) tolerance in wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed soaking in 0.50 mM Spd gave significantly better growth and yield characteristics, MSI and RWC than water under 2.0 mM Cd2+ stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- 0.50 mM Spde1
- Outcome
- growth and yield characteristics, MSI, RWCe1
- Direction
- bettere1
- Qualifier
- 2.0 mM Cd2+ stresse1
- Comparator
- seed soaking with watere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Results show that, seed soaking in 0.25 mM Spm, 0.50 mM Spd or 1.0 mM Put generated significant better growth and yield characteristics, MSI, RWC, leaf photosynthetic pigment and osmoprotectant concentrations, and nutrient contents than seed soaking with water under 2.0 mM Cd2+ stress”
e2“the improvement of cadmium (Cd2+) tolerance in wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed soaking in 0.50 mM Spd gave significantly better leaf photosynthetic pigment, osmoprotectant concentrations and nutrient contents than water under 2.0 mM Cd2+ stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- 0.50 mM Spde1
- Outcome
- leaf photosynthetic pigment and osmoprotectant concentrations, and nutrient contentse1
- Direction
- bettere1
- Qualifier
- 2.0 mM Cd2+ stresse1
- Comparator
- seed soaking with watere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Results show that, seed soaking in 0.25 mM Spm, 0.50 mM Spd or 1.0 mM Put generated significant better growth and yield characteristics, MSI, RWC, leaf photosynthetic pigment and osmoprotectant concentrations, and nutrient contents than seed soaking with water under 2.0 mM Cd2+ stress”
e2“the improvement of cadmium (Cd2+) tolerance in wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed soaking in 1.0 mM Put gave significantly better growth and yield characteristics, MSI and RWC than water under 2.0 mM Cd2+ stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- 1.0 mM Pute1
- Outcome
- growth and yield characteristics, MSI, RWCe1
- Direction
- bettere1
- Qualifier
- 2.0 mM Cd2+ stresse1
- Comparator
- seed soaking with watere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Results show that, seed soaking in 0.25 mM Spm, 0.50 mM Spd or 1.0 mM Put generated significant better growth and yield characteristics, MSI, RWC, leaf photosynthetic pigment and osmoprotectant concentrations, and nutrient contents than seed soaking with water under 2.0 mM Cd2+ stress”
e2“the improvement of cadmium (Cd2+) tolerance in wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed soaking in 1.0 mM Put gave significantly better leaf photosynthetic pigment, osmoprotectant concentrations and nutrient contents than water under 2.0 mM Cd2+ stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- 1.0 mM Pute1
- Outcome
- leaf photosynthetic pigment and osmoprotectant concentrations, and nutrient contentse1
- Direction
- bettere1
- Qualifier
- 2.0 mM Cd2+ stresse1
- Comparator
- seed soaking with watere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Results show that, seed soaking in 0.25 mM Spm, 0.50 mM Spd or 1.0 mM Put generated significant better growth and yield characteristics, MSI, RWC, leaf photosynthetic pigment and osmoprotectant concentrations, and nutrient contents than seed soaking with water under 2.0 mM Cd2+ stress”
e2“the improvement of cadmium (Cd2+) tolerance in wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd2+ concentration and electrolyte leakage were significantly reduced in the polyamine-treated wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Outcome
- Cd2+ concentration and ELe3
- Direction
- reducede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“the improvement of cadmium (Cd2+) tolerance in wheat plants”
e3“In contrast, the Cd2+ concentration and EL were significantly reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
The Cd2+-free control was the best treatment compared with all other stressed treatments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- Cd2+-free controle4
- Outcome
- best treatmente4
- Direction
- beste4
- Comparator
- all other stressed treatmentse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“the improvement of cadmium (Cd2+) tolerance in wheat plants”
e4“the Cd2+-free control was the best treatment when compared to the all other stressed treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed soaking in 1.0 mM Put gave wheat plants most tolerant to Cd2+ stress compared with the other two polyamines.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Treatment
- 1.0 mM Pute5
- Outcome
- tolerant to Cd2+ stresse5
- Direction
- moste5
- Comparator
- the other two polyaminese5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Seed soaking in 1.0 mM Put was the best, generating wheat plants that most tolerant to Cd2+ stress than those generated from the other two polyamines”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend seed soaking wheat in 1.0 mM Put to grow well under Cd2+ stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume6
- Outcome
- use the 1.0 mM Put, as seed soaking treatmente6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“this study recommend to use the 1.0 mM Put, as seed soaking treatment for wheat to grow well under Cd2+ stress”
The same questions in other papers
spermine · physiology: photosynthesis · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →spermidine · physiology: oxidative · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →putrescine · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
putrescine · physiology: photosynthesis · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
spermidine · physiology: photosynthesis · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
7 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →putrescine · physiology: oxidative · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
9 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →spermine · physiology: oxidative · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
11 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.