Abstract
Using the isotope dilution 32P technique, a study was conducted to evaluate the P uptake and growth improvement of aerobic rice genotype (M9) inoculated with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB16, Bacillus sp.) and applied with Christmas Island Phosphate Rock (CIPR), and oxalic acid (OA). An absence of PSB and OA was considered as control treatment. The inoculation of PSB16 strain and OA application produced lower specific activity (12.57 Bq mg P-1) in aerobic rice. The PSB16 and OA were able to release (82.72%) P either from the added CIPR or from the fixed, less available native soil P. Inoculation of PSB16 along with CIPR and OA enhanced P uptake and simultaneously increased P use efficiency (1.12%). A significantly higher photosynthesis rate (9.29 μmol CO2m-2-s-1) and indoleacetic acid (0.26 mg kg-1) concentration in soil was found in the PSB16, OA and PR applied treatments. The highest amounts of water soluble P, Ca-P, Fe-P and Al-P were found in PSB inoculated samples along with the PR and oxalic acid treatments, whereas higher soluble P from all fractions was found in PSB16 inoculated and PR applied treatments. Among all of the fractions, the concentration of Fe-P was comparatively higher (237.67 mg kg-1) than the other fractions and the P fractions were ranked in the order of Fe-P > Al-P > Ca-P > soluble P. In conclusion, PSB16 and organic acid have the ability to solubilize sparingly soluble phosphatic fertilizer and mobilize different fractions of fixed P from soil to the plant. The continuous supply of soluble P in soil P pool and phytohormone in the root environment increased the P uptake and improved the growth of aerobic rice.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
PSB16 inoculation and oxalic acid application lowered specific activity to 12.57 Bq mg P-1 in aerobic rice.
- Taxon
- aerobic ricee0
- Treatment
- inoculation of PSB16 strain and OA applicatione0
- Interactor
- PSB16e1symbiont
- Outcome
- specific activitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 12.57 Bq mg P-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The inoculation of PSB16 strain and OA application produced lower specific activity (12.57 Bq mg P-1) in aerobic rice”
e1“PSB16, Bacillus sp.”
Claim · model-written summary
PSB16 and oxalic acid released 82.72% P from added phosphate rock or less available soil P.
- Taxon
- aerobic ricee1
- Treatment
- PSB16 and OAe0
- Interactor
- PSB16e1symbiont
- Outcome
- Pe0
- Direction
- releasee0
- Value
- 82.72%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The PSB16 and OA were able to release (82.72%) P either from the added CIPR or from the fixed, less available native soil P”
e1“aerobic rice genotype (M9) inoculated with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB16, Bacillus sp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
PSB16 with phosphate rock and oxalic acid enhanced rice P uptake.
- Taxon
- aerobic ricee1
- Treatment
- Inoculation of PSB16 along with CIPR and OAe0
- Interactor
- PSB16e1symbiont
- Outcome
- P uptakee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of PSB16 along with CIPR and OA enhanced P uptake and simultaneously increased P use efficiency (1.12%)”
e1“aerobic rice genotype (M9) inoculated with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB16, Bacillus sp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
PSB16 with phosphate rock and oxalic acid increased rice P use efficiency by 1.12%.
- Taxon
- aerobic ricee1
- Treatment
- Inoculation of PSB16 along with CIPR and OAe0
- Interactor
- PSB16e1symbiont
- Outcome
- P use efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 1.12%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of PSB16 along with CIPR and OA enhanced P uptake and simultaneously increased P use efficiency (1.12%)”
e1“aerobic rice genotype (M9) inoculated with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB16, Bacillus sp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
PSB16, oxalic acid and phosphate rock treatment gave significantly higher photosynthesis rate of 9.29 μmol CO2m-2-s-1.
- Taxon
- aerobic ricee1
- Treatment
- PSB16, OA and PR applied treatmentse0
- Interactor
- PSB16e1symbiont
- Outcome
- photosynthesis ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 9.29 μmol CO2m-2-s-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“A significantly higher photosynthesis rate (9.29 μmol CO2m-2-s-1) and indoleacetic acid (0.26 mg kg-1) concentration in soil was found in the PSB16, OA and PR applied treatments”
e1“aerobic rice genotype (M9) inoculated with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB16, Bacillus sp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatment raised soil indoleacetic acid concentration to 0.26 mg kg-1.
- Taxon
- aerobic ricee1
- Treatment
- PSB16, OA and PR applied treatmentse0
- Interactor
- PSB16e1symbiont
- Outcome
- indoleacetic acid (0.26 mg kg-1) concentration in soile0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 0.26 mg kg-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“A significantly higher photosynthesis rate (9.29 μmol CO2m-2-s-1) and indoleacetic acid (0.26 mg kg-1) concentration in soil was found in the PSB16, OA and PR applied treatments”
e1“aerobic rice genotype (M9) inoculated with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB16, Bacillus sp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water soluble P, Ca-P, Fe-P and Al-P were highest in PSB-inoculated samples with phosphate rock and oxalic acid.
- Taxon
- aerobic ricee1
- Treatment
- PSB inoculated samples along with the PR and oxalic acid treatmentse0
- Interactor
- PSB16e1symbiont
- Outcome
- amounts of water soluble P, Ca-P, Fe-P and Al-Pe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The highest amounts of water soluble P, Ca-P, Fe-P and Al-P were found in PSB inoculated samples along with the PR and oxalic acid treatments”
e1“aerobic rice genotype (M9) inoculated with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB16, Bacillus sp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
PSB16 with phosphate rock yielded higher soluble P from all soil fractions.
- Taxon
- aerobic ricee1
- Treatment
- PSB16 inoculated and PR applied treatmentse0
- Interactor
- PSB16e1symbiont
- Outcome
- soluble P from all fractionse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“higher soluble P from all fractions was found in PSB16 inoculated and PR applied treatments”
e1“aerobic rice genotype (M9) inoculated with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB16, Bacillus sp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe-P was the largest P fraction at 237.67 mg kg-1, with fractions ordered Fe-P > Al-P > Ca-P > soluble P.
Verbatim
e0“the concentration of Fe-P was comparatively higher (237.67 mg kg-1) than the other fractions and the P fractions were ranked in the order of Fe-P > Al-P > Ca-P > soluble P”
e1“aerobic rice genotype (M9)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that continued soluble P and phytohormone supply in the root environment increased P uptake and rice growth.
Verbatim
e0“The continuous supply of soluble P in soil P pool and phytohormone in the root environment increased the P uptake and improved the growth of aerobic rice”
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