Abstract
ABSTRACT Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] planting date trends have steadily shifted earlier within the northern Corn Belt, while inclement weather, insect pressure, and disease pressure associated with spring planting can result in replanting some years. However, limited published literature exists about soybean replant thresholds for suboptimal plant stands and the effects of seed treatments on this decision. This study evaluated three planting dates, three seed treatments, and twelve seeding rate–replant combinations to determine replant thresholds in terms of maximizing seed yield, the effects of seed treatments on these thresholds, and the relationship of cumulative intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (CIPAR) and cumulative normalized difference vegetative index (CumNDVI) on seed yield. Trials were conducted during 2012 and 2013 in southern Wisconsin. Soybean planting in early May increased seed yield by 358 kg ha −1 compared with late May and by 805 kg ha −1 compared with mid‐June. Seed yield reductions were due to decreased seeds m −2 while CIPAR and CumNDVI measurements may partially explain this planting date effect. When initial plant stands were below threshold (<247,000 plants ha –1 ), filling in these stands with enough seed to bring the final plant stand above the threshold increased yield, whereas using tillage and replanting the entire stand only increased yield when initial plant stands were extremely low (<91,000 plants ha −1 ). Yield was related to both CIPAR ( R 2 = 0.54) and CumNDVI ( R 2 = 0.49) and the latter two variables were highly correlated ( r = 0.89). We observed linear yield increases through 700 MJ m −2 of CIPAR; therefore, management practices to increase CIPAR should be used. This study showed that early May planting with a fungicide/insecticide seed treatment (CruiserMaxx) and generating adequate plant stands (>247,000 plants ha −1 ) maximized CIPAR.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Early May planting increased yield by 358 kg ha −1 compared with late May.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- planting in early Maye0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 358 kg ha −1e0
- Comparator
- late Maye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean planting in early May increased seed yield by 358 kg ha −1 compared with late May”
Claim · model-written summary
Early May planting increased yield by 805 kg ha −1 compared with mid-June.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- planting in early Maye0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 805 kg ha −1e0
- Comparator
- mid‐Junee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean planting in early May increased seed yield by 358 kg ha −1 compared with late May and by 805 kg ha −1 compared with mid‐June.”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield reductions with later planting were attributed to fewer seeds per area.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- Seed yield reductionse0
- Qualifier
- decreased seeds m −2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed yield reductions were due to decreased seeds m −2”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Filling below-threshold stands to above threshold increased yield.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- filling in these stands with enough seede0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- <247,000 plants ha –1e0
- Comparator
- initial plant stands were below thresholde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When initial plant stands were below threshold (<247,000 plants ha –1 ), filling in these stands with enough seed to bring the final plant stand above the threshold increased yield”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Whole-stand tillage and replanting increased yield only at extremely low initial stands.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- using tillage and replanting the entire stande0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- <91,000 plants ha −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using tillage and replanting the entire stand only increased yield when initial plant stands were extremely low (<91,000 plants ha −1 )”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield was related to CIPAR with R² 0.54.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- Yielde0
- Value
- R 2 = 0.54e0
- Comparator
- CIPARe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield was related to both CIPAR ( R 2 = 0.54)”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield was related to CumNDVI with R² 0.49.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- CumNDVIe0
- Value
- R 2 = 0.49e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CumNDVI ( R 2 = 0.49)”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
CIPAR and CumNDVI were highly correlated at r = 0.89.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- highly correlatede0
- Value
- r = 0.89e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the latter two variables were highly correlated ( r = 0.89)”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield increased linearly through 700 MJ m −2 of CIPAR.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We observed linear yield increases through 700 MJ m −2 of CIPAR”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend management that increases CIPAR.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- management practices to increase CIPAR should be usede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“management practices to increase CIPAR should be used”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Early May planting with CruiserMaxx and adequate stands maximized CIPAR.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- early May planting with a fungicide/insecticide seed treatment (CruiserMaxx)e0
- Outcome
- CIPARe0
- Direction
- maximizede0
- Qualifier
- >247,000 plants ha −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“early May planting with a fungicide/insecticide seed treatment (CruiserMaxx) and generating adequate plant stands (>247,000 plants ha −1 ) maximized CIPAR”
t0“Soybean”
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