Abstract
The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of fungicidal protection on the formation of the leaf surface area and photosynthetic indicators of soybean crops. The research was conducted in 2021– 2023 in the conditions of LLC «Savarske» Obukhiv district Kyiv region. The scheme of the experiment: Factor A. Varieties «Amadea», «Aurelina». Factor B. Fungicides. Control (treatment of seeds and plants with water), «Maxim Advance 195 FS» (1.25 l/t) (treatment of seeds before sowing), «Vibrance RFC» (1 l/t) (seed treatment before sowing), «Selest top 312.5 FS» (1 l/t) (seed treatment before sowing), «Standak Top» (2 l/t) (seed treatment before sowing), «Abacus» (2 l/ha) (during the growing season), «Maxim Advance 195 FS» (1.25 l/t) + «Abacus» (2 l/ha), «Vibrance RFC» (1 l/t) +»Abacus» (2 l/ha), «Selest top 312.5 FS» (1 l/t) + «Abacus» (2 l/ha), «Standak Top» (2 l/t) + «Abacus» (2 l/ha). The maximum indicators of the leaf surface area of soybean plants of the varieties «Aurelina» and «Amadea» were obtained in the phase of grain formation – 44.85 and 45.91 thousand m2 /ha. The smallest assimilation surface of crops was in the budding phase – 15.10 and 15.07 thousand m2 /ha. Under the influence of fungicidal protection the leaf surface area of varieties «Amadea» and «Aurelina» increased by 0.90 and 0.94 thousand m2 /ha in the flowering phase and by 3.11 and 3.46 thousand m2 /ha in the phase of grain formation, compared to control variants. The greatest increase in leaf surface area was noted for the combined use of fungicides «Standak Top» (2 l/t) for pre-sowing seed treatment and «Abacus» (2 l/ha) during the growing season. According to the results of dispersion analysis varietal characteristics (37.7 %) and fungicidal protection (35.4 %) had the greatest influence on the formation of the leaf surface area of soybean plants and the interaction of these factors was 12.3 %. The highest photosynthetic potential of the varieties «Amadea» and «Aurelina» was on the variants of fungicides application «Standak Top» (2 l/t) + «Abacus» (2 l/ha) – 3.09 and 3.16 million m2 × days/ha, «Selest top» (1 l/ t) + «Abacus» (2 l/ha) – 3.08 and 3.14 million m2 × days/ha and «Vibrance» (1 l/t) + «Abacus» (2 l/ha) – 3.06 and 3.13 million m2 × days/ha. The maximum values of the net productivity of photosynthesis in the varieties «Amadea» and «Aurelina» were obtained in the budding phase – 3.88–4.16 and 3.89–4.27 g/m2 × day. The use of fungicidal protection provided an increase of this indicator by 0.07–0.28 and 0.06– 0.38 g/m2 × day, compared to the control options. Depending on the accounting periods, the variety «Aurelina» was superior to the variety «Amadea» in leaf surface area by 1.6–3.8 % in photosynthetic potential by 1.2–2.5 % and in net photosynthetic productivity by 0.8–1.7 %. Key words: soybean, varieties, fungicides, crop protection, leaf surface area, photosynthetic potential, net photosynthetic productivity.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicidal protection increased leaf surface area of soybean varieties by 0.90 and 0.94 thousand m2/ha in the flowering phase.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Material
- varieties «Amadea» and «Aurelina»e2
- Organ / stage
- flowering phasee2
- Treatment
- fungicidal protectione2
- Outcome
- leaf surface areae2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 0.90 and 0.94 thousand m2 /hae2
- Comparator
- control variantse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum indicators of the leaf surface area of soybean plants of the varieties «Aurelina» and «Amadea» were obtained in the phase of grain formation – 44.85 and 45.91 thousand m2 /ha”
e2“Under the influence of fungicidal protection the leaf surface area of varieties «Amadea» and «Aurelina» increased by 0.90 and 0.94 thousand m2 /ha in the flowering phase and by 3.11 and 3.46 thousand m2 /ha in the phase of grain formation, compared to control variants”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicidal protection increased leaf surface area of soybean varieties by 3.11 and 3.46 thousand m2/ha in the phase of grain formation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- varieties «Amadea» and «Aurelina»e2
- Organ / stage
- phase of grain formatione2
- Treatment
- fungicidal protectione2
- Outcome
- leaf surface areae2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 3.11 and 3.46 thousand m2 /hae2
- Comparator
- control variantse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum indicators of the leaf surface area of soybean plants of the varieties «Aurelina» and «Amadea» were obtained in the phase of grain formation – 44.85 and 45.91 thousand m2 /ha”
e2“Under the influence of fungicidal protection the leaf surface area of varieties «Amadea» and «Aurelina» increased by 0.90 and 0.94 thousand m2 /ha in the flowering phase and by 3.11 and 3.46 thousand m2 /ha in the phase of grain formation, compared to control variants”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined use of fungicides gave the greatest increase in leaf surface area of soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- combined use of fungicidese4
- Outcome
- leaf surface areae4
- Direction
- greatest increasee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum indicators of the leaf surface area of soybean plants of the varieties «Aurelina» and «Amadea» were obtained in the phase of grain formation – 44.85 and 45.91 thousand m2 /ha”
e4“The greatest increase in leaf surface area was noted for the combined use of fungicides”
Claim · model-written summary
Varietal characteristics explained 37.7 % of the variation in leaf surface area of soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- varietal characteristicse5
- Outcome
- formation of the leaf surface areae5
- Value
- 37.7 %e5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum indicators of the leaf surface area of soybean plants of the varieties «Aurelina» and «Amadea» were obtained in the phase of grain formation – 44.85 and 45.91 thousand m2 /ha”
e5“varietal characteristics (37.7 %) and fungicidal protection (35.4 %) had the greatest influence on the formation of the leaf surface area of soybean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicidal protection explained 35.4 % of the variation in leaf surface area of soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- fungicidal protectione5
- Outcome
- formation of the leaf surface areae5
- Value
- 35.4 %e5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum indicators of the leaf surface area of soybean plants of the varieties «Aurelina» and «Amadea» were obtained in the phase of grain formation – 44.85 and 45.91 thousand m2 /ha”
e5“varietal characteristics (37.7 %) and fungicidal protection (35.4 %) had the greatest influence on the formation of the leaf surface area of soybean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The interaction of varietal characteristics and fungicidal protection explained 12.3 % of the variation in leaf surface area of soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- fungicidal protectione5
- Outcome
- the interaction of these factorse6
- Value
- 12.3 %e6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum indicators of the leaf surface area of soybean plants of the varieties «Aurelina» and «Amadea» were obtained in the phase of grain formation – 44.85 and 45.91 thousand m2 /ha”
e5“varietal characteristics (37.7 %) and fungicidal protection (35.4 %) had the greatest influence on the formation of the leaf surface area of soybean plants”
e6“the interaction of these factors was 12.3 %”
Claim · model-written summary
Standak Top with Abacus gave the highest photosynthetic potential, 3.09 and 3.16 million m2 × days/ha.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- varieties «Amadea» and «Aurelina»e7
- Treatment
- fungicides application «Standak Top» (2 l/t) + «Abacus» (2 l/ha)e7
- Outcome
- photosynthetic potentiale7
- Direction
- higheste7
- Value
- 3.09 and 3.16 million m2 × days/hae7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum indicators of the leaf surface area of soybean plants of the varieties «Aurelina» and «Amadea» were obtained in the phase of grain formation – 44.85 and 45.91 thousand m2 /ha”
e7“The highest photosynthetic potential of the varieties «Amadea» and «Aurelina» was on the variants of fungicides application «Standak Top» (2 l/t) + «Abacus» (2 l/ha) – 3.09 and 3.16 million m2 × days/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Selest top with Abacus gave the highest photosynthetic potential, 3.08 and 3.14 million m2 × days/ha.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- varieties «Amadea» and «Aurelina»e7
- Treatment
- «Selest top» (1 l/ t) + «Abacus» (2 l/ha)e1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic potentiale7
- Direction
- higheste7
- Value
- 3.08 and 3.14 million m2 × days/hae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum indicators of the leaf surface area of soybean plants of the varieties «Aurelina» and «Amadea» were obtained in the phase of grain formation – 44.85 and 45.91 thousand m2 /ha”
e7“The highest photosynthetic potential of the varieties «Amadea» and «Aurelina» was on the variants of fungicides application «Standak Top» (2 l/t) + «Abacus» (2 l/ha) – 3.09 and 3.16 million m2 × days/ha”
e1“«Selest top» (1 l/ t) + «Abacus» (2 l/ha) – 3.08 and 3.14 million m2 × days/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum net photosynthetic productivity of soybean varieties was in the budding phase, 3.88–4.16 and 3.89–4.27 g/m2 × day.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- varieties «Amadea» and «Aurelina»e2
- Organ / stage
- budding phasee2
- Outcome
- net productivity of photosynthesise2
- Direction
- maximum valuese2
- Value
- 3.88–4.16 and 3.89–4.27 g/m2 × daye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum indicators of the leaf surface area of soybean plants of the varieties «Aurelina» and «Amadea» were obtained in the phase of grain formation – 44.85 and 45.91 thousand m2 /ha”
e2“The maximum values of the net productivity of photosynthesis in the varieties «Amadea» and «Aurelina» were obtained in the budding phase – 3.88–4.16 and 3.89–4.27 g/m2 × day”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicidal protection increased net photosynthetic productivity by 0.07–0.28 and 0.06–0.38 g/m2 × day compared with control options.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- fungicidal protectione3
- Outcome
- net productivity of photosynthesise2
- Direction
- increasee3
- Value
- 0.07–0.28 and 0.06– 0.38 g/m2 × daye3
- Comparator
- control optionse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum indicators of the leaf surface area of soybean plants of the varieties «Aurelina» and «Amadea» were obtained in the phase of grain formation – 44.85 and 45.91 thousand m2 /ha”
e2“The maximum values of the net productivity of photosynthesis in the varieties «Amadea» and «Aurelina» were obtained in the budding phase – 3.88–4.16 and 3.89–4.27 g/m2 × day”
e3“The use of fungicidal protection provided an increase of this indicator by 0.07–0.28 and 0.06– 0.38 g/m2 × day, compared to the control options”
Claim · model-written summary
Variety Aurelina had 1.6–3.8 % higher leaf surface area than variety Amadea.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- variety «Aurelina»e4
- Outcome
- leaf surface areae4
- Direction
- superiore4
- Value
- 1.6–3.8 %e4
- Comparator
- variety «Amadea»e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum indicators of the leaf surface area of soybean plants of the varieties «Aurelina» and «Amadea» were obtained in the phase of grain formation – 44.85 and 45.91 thousand m2 /ha”
e4“Depending on the accounting periods, the variety «Aurelina» was superior to the variety «Amadea» in leaf surface area by 1.6–3.8 %”
Claim · model-written summary
Variety Aurelina had 1.2–2.5 % higher photosynthetic potential than variety Amadea.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- variety «Aurelina»e4
- Outcome
- photosynthetic potentiale5
- Direction
- superiore4
- Value
- 1.2–2.5 %e5
- Comparator
- variety «Amadea»e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum indicators of the leaf surface area of soybean plants of the varieties «Aurelina» and «Amadea» were obtained in the phase of grain formation – 44.85 and 45.91 thousand m2 /ha”
e4“Depending on the accounting periods, the variety «Aurelina» was superior to the variety «Amadea» in leaf surface area by 1.6–3.8 %”
e5“in photosynthetic potential by 1.2–2.5 %”
Claim · model-written summary
Variety Aurelina had 0.8–1.7 % higher net photosynthetic productivity than variety Amadea.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- variety «Aurelina»e4
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic productivitye6
- Direction
- superiore4
- Value
- 0.8–1.7 %e6
- Comparator
- variety «Amadea»e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum indicators of the leaf surface area of soybean plants of the varieties «Aurelina» and «Amadea» were obtained in the phase of grain formation – 44.85 and 45.91 thousand m2 /ha”
e4“Depending on the accounting periods, the variety «Aurelina» was superior to the variety «Amadea» in leaf surface area by 1.6–3.8 %”
e6“in net photosynthetic productivity by 0.8–1.7 %”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf surface area of soybean varieties was maximal in the phase of grain formation, 44.85 and 45.91 thousand m2/ha.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- varieties «Aurelina» and «Amadea»e0
- Organ / stage
- phase of grain formatione0
- Outcome
- leaf surface areae0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 44.85 and 45.91 thousand m2 /hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum indicators of the leaf surface area of soybean plants of the varieties «Aurelina» and «Amadea» were obtained in the phase of grain formation – 44.85 and 45.91 thousand m2 /ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf surface area of soybean was smallest in the budding phase, 15.10 and 15.07 thousand m2/ha.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- budding phasee1
- Outcome
- assimilation surfacee1
- Direction
- smalleste1
- Value
- 15.10 and 15.07 thousand m2 /hae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum indicators of the leaf surface area of soybean plants of the varieties «Aurelina» and «Amadea» were obtained in the phase of grain formation – 44.85 and 45.91 thousand m2 /ha”
e1“The smallest assimilation surface of crops was in the budding phase – 15.10 and 15.07 thousand m2 /ha”
The same questions in other papers
fungicide · physiology: photosynthesis · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.