Abstract
Abstract BACKGROUND Jasmonic acid (JA) is an important molecule that has a regulatory effect on many physiological processes in plant growth and development under abiotic stress. This study investigated the effect of 60 μmol L −1 of JA in seed priming (P) at 15 °C in darkness for 24 h, foliar application (F), and/or their combination effect (P + F) on two soybean cultivars – ‘Nannong 99‑6’ (salt tolerant) and ‘Lee 68’ (salt sensitive) – under salinity stress (100 mmol L −1 sodium chloride (NaCl)). RESULTS Salinity stress reduced seedling growth and biomass compared with that in the control condition. Priming and foliar application with JA and/or their combination significantly improved water potential, osmotic potential, water use efficiency, and relative water content of both cultivars under salinity stress. Similarly, seed priming with JA, foliar application of JA, and/or their combination significantly improved the following properties under salinity stress compared with the untreated seedlings: net photosynthetic rate by 68.03%, 59.85%, and 76.67% respectively; transpiration rate by 74.85%, 55.10%, and 80.26% respectively; stomatal conductance by 69.88%, 78.25%, and 26.24% respectively; intercellular carbon dioxide concentration by 61.64%, 40.06%, and 65.79% respectively; and total chlorophyll content by 47.41%, 41.02%, and 55.73% respectively. Soybean plants primed, sprayed with JA, or treated with their combination enhanced the chlorophyll fluorescence, which was damaged by salinity stress. JA treatments improved abscisic acid, gibberellic acid, and JA levels by 60.57%, 62.50% and 52.25% respectively under salt stress compared with those in the control condition. The transcriptional levels of the FeSOD , POD , CAT , and APX genes increased significantly in the NaCl‐stressed seedlings irrespective of JA treatments. Moreover, JA treatment resulted in a reduction of sodium ion concentration and an increase of potassium ion concentrations in the leaf and root of both cultivars regardless of salinity stress. Monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and proline contents decreased in the seedlings treated with JA under salinity stress, whereas the ascorbate content increased with JA treatment combined with NaCl stress. CONCLUSION The application of 60 μmol L −1 JA improved plant growth by regulating the interaction between plant hormones and hydrogen peroxide, which may be involved in auxin signaling and stomatal closure under salt stress. These methods could efficiently protect early seedlings and alleviate salt stress damage and provide possibilities for use in improving soybean growth and inducing tolerance against excessive soil salinity. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity stress reduced soybean seedling growth and biomass compared with the control.
- Taxon
- Glycine max
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- Salinity stresse1
- Outcome
- seedling growth and biomasse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- control conditione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
e1“Salinity stress reduced seedling growth and biomass compared with that in the control condition”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming with JA increased net photosynthetic rate by 68.03% compared with untreated seedlings under salinity stress in soybean.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- seed priming with JAe3
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratee3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Value
- 68.03%e3
- Qualifier
- under salinity stresse3
- Comparator
- untreated seedlingse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
e3“Similarly, seed priming with JA, foliar application of JA, and/or their combination significantly improved the following properties under salinity stress compared with the untreated seedlings: net photosynthetic rate by 68.03%, 59.85%, and 76.67% respectively; transpiration rate by 74.85%, 55.10%, and 80.26% respectively; stomatal conductance by 69.88%, 78.25%, and 26.24% respectively; intercellular carbon dioxide concentration by 61.64%, 40.06%, and 65.79% respectively; and total chlorophyll content by 47.41%, 41.02%, and 55.73% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar application of JA increased net photosynthetic rate by 59.85% compared with untreated seedlings under salinity stress in soybean.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of JAe3
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratee3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Value
- 59.85%e3
- Qualifier
- under salinity stresse3
- Comparator
- untreated seedlingse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
e3“Similarly, seed priming with JA, foliar application of JA, and/or their combination significantly improved the following properties under salinity stress compared with the untreated seedlings: net photosynthetic rate by 68.03%, 59.85%, and 76.67% respectively; transpiration rate by 74.85%, 55.10%, and 80.26% respectively; stomatal conductance by 69.88%, 78.25%, and 26.24% respectively; intercellular carbon dioxide concentration by 61.64%, 40.06%, and 65.79% respectively; and total chlorophyll content by 47.41%, 41.02%, and 55.73% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Their combination increased net photosynthetic rate by 76.67% compared with untreated seedlings under salinity stress in soybean.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- their combinatione3
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratee3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Value
- 76.67%e3
- Qualifier
- under salinity stresse3
- Comparator
- untreated seedlingse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
e3“Similarly, seed priming with JA, foliar application of JA, and/or their combination significantly improved the following properties under salinity stress compared with the untreated seedlings: net photosynthetic rate by 68.03%, 59.85%, and 76.67% respectively; transpiration rate by 74.85%, 55.10%, and 80.26% respectively; stomatal conductance by 69.88%, 78.25%, and 26.24% respectively; intercellular carbon dioxide concentration by 61.64%, 40.06%, and 65.79% respectively; and total chlorophyll content by 47.41%, 41.02%, and 55.73% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming with JA increased transpiration rate by 74.85% compared with untreated seedlings under salinity stress in soybean.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- seed priming with JAe3
- Outcome
- transpiration ratee3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Value
- 74.85%e3
- Qualifier
- under salinity stresse3
- Comparator
- untreated seedlingse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
e3“Similarly, seed priming with JA, foliar application of JA, and/or their combination significantly improved the following properties under salinity stress compared with the untreated seedlings: net photosynthetic rate by 68.03%, 59.85%, and 76.67% respectively; transpiration rate by 74.85%, 55.10%, and 80.26% respectively; stomatal conductance by 69.88%, 78.25%, and 26.24% respectively; intercellular carbon dioxide concentration by 61.64%, 40.06%, and 65.79% respectively; and total chlorophyll content by 47.41%, 41.02%, and 55.73% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar application of JA increased transpiration rate by 55.10% compared with untreated seedlings under salinity stress in soybean.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of JAe3
- Outcome
- transpiration ratee3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Value
- 55.10%e3
- Qualifier
- under salinity stresse3
- Comparator
- untreated seedlingse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
e3“Similarly, seed priming with JA, foliar application of JA, and/or their combination significantly improved the following properties under salinity stress compared with the untreated seedlings: net photosynthetic rate by 68.03%, 59.85%, and 76.67% respectively; transpiration rate by 74.85%, 55.10%, and 80.26% respectively; stomatal conductance by 69.88%, 78.25%, and 26.24% respectively; intercellular carbon dioxide concentration by 61.64%, 40.06%, and 65.79% respectively; and total chlorophyll content by 47.41%, 41.02%, and 55.73% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Their combination increased transpiration rate by 80.26% compared with untreated seedlings under salinity stress in soybean.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- their combinatione3
- Outcome
- transpiration ratee3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Value
- 80.26%e3
- Qualifier
- under salinity stresse3
- Comparator
- untreated seedlingse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
e3“Similarly, seed priming with JA, foliar application of JA, and/or their combination significantly improved the following properties under salinity stress compared with the untreated seedlings: net photosynthetic rate by 68.03%, 59.85%, and 76.67% respectively; transpiration rate by 74.85%, 55.10%, and 80.26% respectively; stomatal conductance by 69.88%, 78.25%, and 26.24% respectively; intercellular carbon dioxide concentration by 61.64%, 40.06%, and 65.79% respectively; and total chlorophyll content by 47.41%, 41.02%, and 55.73% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming with JA increased stomatal conductance by 69.88% compared with untreated seedlings under salinity stress in soybean.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- seed priming with JAe3
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Value
- 69.88%e3
- Qualifier
- under salinity stresse3
- Comparator
- untreated seedlingse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
e3“Similarly, seed priming with JA, foliar application of JA, and/or their combination significantly improved the following properties under salinity stress compared with the untreated seedlings: net photosynthetic rate by 68.03%, 59.85%, and 76.67% respectively; transpiration rate by 74.85%, 55.10%, and 80.26% respectively; stomatal conductance by 69.88%, 78.25%, and 26.24% respectively; intercellular carbon dioxide concentration by 61.64%, 40.06%, and 65.79% respectively; and total chlorophyll content by 47.41%, 41.02%, and 55.73% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar application of JA increased stomatal conductance by 78.25% compared with untreated seedlings under salinity stress in soybean.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of JAe3
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Value
- 78.25%e3
- Qualifier
- under salinity stresse3
- Comparator
- untreated seedlingse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
e3“Similarly, seed priming with JA, foliar application of JA, and/or their combination significantly improved the following properties under salinity stress compared with the untreated seedlings: net photosynthetic rate by 68.03%, 59.85%, and 76.67% respectively; transpiration rate by 74.85%, 55.10%, and 80.26% respectively; stomatal conductance by 69.88%, 78.25%, and 26.24% respectively; intercellular carbon dioxide concentration by 61.64%, 40.06%, and 65.79% respectively; and total chlorophyll content by 47.41%, 41.02%, and 55.73% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Their combination increased stomatal conductance by 26.24% compared with untreated seedlings under salinity stress in soybean.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- their combinatione3
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Value
- 26.24%e3
- Qualifier
- under salinity stresse3
- Comparator
- untreated seedlingse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
e3“Similarly, seed priming with JA, foliar application of JA, and/or their combination significantly improved the following properties under salinity stress compared with the untreated seedlings: net photosynthetic rate by 68.03%, 59.85%, and 76.67% respectively; transpiration rate by 74.85%, 55.10%, and 80.26% respectively; stomatal conductance by 69.88%, 78.25%, and 26.24% respectively; intercellular carbon dioxide concentration by 61.64%, 40.06%, and 65.79% respectively; and total chlorophyll content by 47.41%, 41.02%, and 55.73% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming with JA increased intercellular carbon dioxide concentration by 61.64% compared with untreated seedlings under salinity stress in soybean.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- seed priming with JAe3
- Outcome
- intercellular carbon dioxide concentratione3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Value
- 61.64%e3
- Qualifier
- under salinity stresse3
- Comparator
- untreated seedlingse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
e3“Similarly, seed priming with JA, foliar application of JA, and/or their combination significantly improved the following properties under salinity stress compared with the untreated seedlings: net photosynthetic rate by 68.03%, 59.85%, and 76.67% respectively; transpiration rate by 74.85%, 55.10%, and 80.26% respectively; stomatal conductance by 69.88%, 78.25%, and 26.24% respectively; intercellular carbon dioxide concentration by 61.64%, 40.06%, and 65.79% respectively; and total chlorophyll content by 47.41%, 41.02%, and 55.73% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar application of JA increased intercellular carbon dioxide concentration by 40.06% compared with untreated seedlings under salinity stress in soybean.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of JAe3
- Outcome
- intercellular carbon dioxide concentratione3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Value
- 40.06%e3
- Qualifier
- under salinity stresse3
- Comparator
- untreated seedlingse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
e3“Similarly, seed priming with JA, foliar application of JA, and/or their combination significantly improved the following properties under salinity stress compared with the untreated seedlings: net photosynthetic rate by 68.03%, 59.85%, and 76.67% respectively; transpiration rate by 74.85%, 55.10%, and 80.26% respectively; stomatal conductance by 69.88%, 78.25%, and 26.24% respectively; intercellular carbon dioxide concentration by 61.64%, 40.06%, and 65.79% respectively; and total chlorophyll content by 47.41%, 41.02%, and 55.73% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Their combination increased intercellular carbon dioxide concentration by 65.79% compared with untreated seedlings under salinity stress in soybean.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- their combinatione3
- Outcome
- intercellular carbon dioxide concentratione3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Value
- 65.79%e3
- Qualifier
- under salinity stresse3
- Comparator
- untreated seedlingse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
e3“Similarly, seed priming with JA, foliar application of JA, and/or their combination significantly improved the following properties under salinity stress compared with the untreated seedlings: net photosynthetic rate by 68.03%, 59.85%, and 76.67% respectively; transpiration rate by 74.85%, 55.10%, and 80.26% respectively; stomatal conductance by 69.88%, 78.25%, and 26.24% respectively; intercellular carbon dioxide concentration by 61.64%, 40.06%, and 65.79% respectively; and total chlorophyll content by 47.41%, 41.02%, and 55.73% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming with JA increased total chlorophyll content by 47.41% compared with untreated seedlings under salinity stress in soybean.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- seed priming with JAe3
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contente3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Value
- 47.41%e3
- Qualifier
- under salinity stresse3
- Comparator
- untreated seedlingse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
e3“Similarly, seed priming with JA, foliar application of JA, and/or their combination significantly improved the following properties under salinity stress compared with the untreated seedlings: net photosynthetic rate by 68.03%, 59.85%, and 76.67% respectively; transpiration rate by 74.85%, 55.10%, and 80.26% respectively; stomatal conductance by 69.88%, 78.25%, and 26.24% respectively; intercellular carbon dioxide concentration by 61.64%, 40.06%, and 65.79% respectively; and total chlorophyll content by 47.41%, 41.02%, and 55.73% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar application of JA increased total chlorophyll content by 41.02% compared with untreated seedlings under salinity stress in soybean.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of JAe3
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contente3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Value
- 41.02%e3
- Qualifier
- under salinity stresse3
- Comparator
- untreated seedlingse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
e3“Similarly, seed priming with JA, foliar application of JA, and/or their combination significantly improved the following properties under salinity stress compared with the untreated seedlings: net photosynthetic rate by 68.03%, 59.85%, and 76.67% respectively; transpiration rate by 74.85%, 55.10%, and 80.26% respectively; stomatal conductance by 69.88%, 78.25%, and 26.24% respectively; intercellular carbon dioxide concentration by 61.64%, 40.06%, and 65.79% respectively; and total chlorophyll content by 47.41%, 41.02%, and 55.73% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Their combination increased total chlorophyll content by 55.73% compared with untreated seedlings under salinity stress in soybean.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- their combinatione3
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contente3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Value
- 55.73%e3
- Qualifier
- under salinity stresse3
- Comparator
- untreated seedlingse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
e3“Similarly, seed priming with JA, foliar application of JA, and/or their combination significantly improved the following properties under salinity stress compared with the untreated seedlings: net photosynthetic rate by 68.03%, 59.85%, and 76.67% respectively; transpiration rate by 74.85%, 55.10%, and 80.26% respectively; stomatal conductance by 69.88%, 78.25%, and 26.24% respectively; intercellular carbon dioxide concentration by 61.64%, 40.06%, and 65.79% respectively; and total chlorophyll content by 47.41%, 41.02%, and 55.73% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
JA treatments improved abscisic acid, gibberellic acid and JA levels under salt stress compared with the control.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- JA treatmentse4
- Outcome
- abscisic acid, gibberellic acid, and JA levelse4
- Direction
- improvede4
- Value
- 60.57%, 62.50% and 52.25%e4
- Qualifier
- under salt stresse4
- Comparator
- control conditione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
e4“JA treatments improved abscisic acid, gibberellic acid, and JA levels by 60.57%, 62.50% and 52.25% respectively under salt stress compared with those in the control condition”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming and foliar application with JA improved water potential, osmotic potential, water use efficiency and relative water content under salinity stress.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Priming and foliar application with JAe2
- Outcome
- water potential, osmotic potential, water use efficiency, and relative water contente2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Qualifier
- under salinity stresse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
e2“Priming and foliar application with JA and/or their combination significantly improved water potential, osmotic potential, water use efficiency, and relative water content of both cultivars under salinity stress”
Claim · model-written summary
JA treatment reduced sodium ion concentration and increased potassium ion concentrations in leaves and roots regardless of salinity stress.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- JA treatmente5
- Outcome
- sodium ion concentratione5
- Direction
- reductione5
- Qualifier
- an increase of potassium ion concentrationse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
e5“JA treatment resulted in a reduction of sodium ion concentration and an increase of potassium ion concentrations in the leaf and root of both cultivars regardless of salinity stress”
Claim · model-written summary
JA-treated seedlings under salinity had decreased monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase and proline contents, and increased ascorbate content.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- treated with JAe6
- Outcome
- Monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and proline contentse6
- Direction
- decreasede6
- Qualifier
- the ascorbate content increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
e6“Monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and proline contents decreased in the seedlings treated with JA under salinity stress, whereas the ascorbate content increased with JA treatment combined with NaCl stress”
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See all 10 papers →8 of 15 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.