Abstract
Insecticides are often used to establish pest density and yield-loss relationships to determine economic injuries. However, the impacts of insecticides on plant gas-exchange processes are not well understood. If an insecticide alters plant physiology, crop yield may be altered and the thresholds developed with this insecticide are suspect. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the nontarget effects of insecticides on plant physiology. We conducted field experiments in 1996, 1997, and 1998 to examine the photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rates of alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., and soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, treated with insecticides commonly used for arthropod pest management in the midwestern United States. The insecticides were selected to represent the major classes of insecticides used on alfalfa and soybean: pyrethroids (cyfluthrin and permethrin), an organophosphate (chlorpyrifos), carbamates (carbofuran and carbaryl), and spinosyn (spinosad). Photosynthetic rates of alfalfa were not significantly affected in all experiments replicated over 3 yr, except 1 h after treatment in 1996, which showed a significant increase in photosynthetic rates for some insecticides. Also, stomatal conductance and transpiration rates of alfalfa did not reveal any significant differences among insecticide treatments. In soybean, photosynthetic rates were not significantly different for all insecticides tested either at seedling or reproductive stages. In addition, stomatal conductance and transpiration rates of soybean did not reveal any significant impact of insecticides at either seedling or reproductive stages. Other than a transient increase in photosynthesis observed with some insecticides at 1 time in 1 yr (1996), we did not observe any significant effects of tested insecticides on alfalfa and soybean physiology.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Alfalfa photosynthetic rates generally showed no significant insecticide effect across three years.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae0 - Treatment
- insecticidest0
- Outcome
- Photosynthetic ratese0
- Direction
- not significantly affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Photosynthetic rates of alfalfa were not significantly affected in all experiments replicated over 3 yr”
t0“Insecticides”
Claim · model-written summary
Some insecticides transiently increased alfalfa photosynthesis one hour after treatment in 1996.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- some insecticidese0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratese0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- 1 h after treatment in 1996e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“except 1 h after treatment in 1996, which showed a significant increase in photosynthetic rates for some insecticides”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Alfalfa stomatal conductance and transpiration did not differ significantly among treatments.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- insecticide treatmentse0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductance and transpiration ratese0
- Direction
- did not reveal any significant differencese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stomatal conductance and transpiration rates of alfalfa did not reveal any significant differences among insecticide treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean photosynthesis did not differ significantly with the tested insecticides at either seedling or reproductive stages.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Organ / stage
- seedling or reproductive stagese0
- Treatment
- all insecticides testede0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratese0
- Direction
- not significantly differente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In soybean, photosynthetic rates were not significantly different for all insecticides tested either at seedling or reproductive stages.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean stomatal conductance and transpiration showed no significant insecticide impact at either stage.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- seedling or reproductive stagese0
- Treatment
- insecticidese0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductance and transpiration ratese0
- Direction
- did not reveal any significant impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stomatal conductance and transpiration rates of soybean did not reveal any significant impact of insecticides at either seedling or reproductive stages”
The same questions in other papers
insecticide · physiology: photosynthesis · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.