Abstract
Field experiments were conducted to study the effect of three rye ( Secale cereale L.) populations, six triticale (× Triticosecale Wittm.) cultivars, and two barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars, used as cover crops, on the emergence and growth of barnyardgrass [ Echinochloa crus‐galli (L.) P. Beauv.], bristly foxtail [ Setaria verticillata (L.) P. Beauv.], and corn ( Zea mays L.). Moreover, bioassay studies were conducted to assess allelopathic potential of the winter cereal extracts on both weed species and corn. All winter cereal extracts reduced barnyardgrass and bristly foxtail seed germination and growth, but none of them had any effect on corn. Bristly foxtail was affected more by all extracts than barnyardgrass, and growth of both weed species was reduced more by the extract of barley cultivar Athinaida. In field, 4 wk after corn planting, barnyardgrass and bristly foxtail emergence was reduced by 27 to 80% and 0 to 67%, respectively, in winter cereal mulched plots compared with that in winter cereal mulch‐free plots. On the contrary, corn emergence was not affected by any cover crop mulch. At harvest, corn grain yield increased by 45% in no herbicide treated barley cultivar Athinaida mulched subplots as compared with that in respective mulch‐free subplots. This corn yield in no herbicide treated Athinaida mulched subplots was similar with that obtained in respective herbicide‐treated subplots. The results of this study suggest that some winter cereals such as barley cultivar Athinaida could be used as cover crop for annual grass weed suppression in corn and consequently to minimize herbicide applications.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Winter cereal extracts reduced barnyardgrass germination and growth.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Treatment
- winter cereal extractse0
- Interactor
- barnyardgrass
Echinochloa crus-gallie0weed - Outcome
- seed germination and growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All winter cereal extracts reduced barnyardgrass and bristly foxtail seed germination and growth”
t0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Winter cereal extracts reduced bristly foxtail germination and growth.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- winter cereal extractse0
- Interactor
- bristly foxtaile0weed
- Outcome
- bristly foxtail seed germination and growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All winter cereal extracts reduced barnyardgrass and bristly foxtail seed germination and growth”
t0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cereal extracts had no effect on corn.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- theme0
- Outcome
- corne0
- Direction
- nonee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“none of them had any effect on corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Bristly foxtail was more affected than barnyardgrass by extracts.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- Bristly foxtaile0weed
- Outcome
- Bristly foxtaile0
- Direction
- affected moree0
- Comparator
- barnyardgrasse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bristly foxtail was affected more by all extracts than barnyardgrass”
t0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Athinaida barley extract most reduced both weed species growth.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- extract of barley cultivar Athinaidae0
- Outcome
- growth of both weed speciese0
- Direction
- reduced moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth of both weed species was reduced more by the extract of barley cultivar Athinaida”
t0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cereal mulches reduced barnyardgrass emergence by 27 to 80%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- winter cereal mulched plotse0
- Interactor
- barnyardgrassEchinochloa crus-gallie0weed
- Outcome
- emergencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 27 to 80%e0
- Comparator
- winter cereal mulch‐free plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“barnyardgrass and bristly foxtail emergence was reduced by 27 to 80% and 0 to 67%, respectively, in winter cereal mulched plots compared with that in winter cereal mulch‐free plots”
t0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cereal mulches reduced bristly foxtail emergence by 0 to 67%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- winter cereal mulched plotse0
- Interactor
- bristly foxtaile0weed
- Outcome
- bristly foxtail emergencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 0 to 67%e0
- Comparator
- winter cereal mulch‐free plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“barnyardgrass and bristly foxtail emergence was reduced by 27 to 80% and 0 to 67%, respectively, in winter cereal mulched plots compared with that in winter cereal mulch‐free plots”
t0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cover crop mulch did not affect corn emergence.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- cover crop mulche0
- Outcome
- corn emergencee0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“corn emergence was not affected by any cover crop mulch”
Claim · model-written summary
Athinaida mulch without herbicide increased corn grain yield 45% relative to mulch-free plots.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- no herbicide treated barley cultivar Athinaida mulched subplotse0
- Outcome
- corn grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 45%e0
- Comparator
- respective mulch‐free subplotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“corn grain yield increased by 45% in no herbicide treated barley cultivar Athinaida mulched subplots as compared with that in respective mulch‐free subplots”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn yield under Athinaida mulch without herbicide was similar to herbicide-treated plots.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- no herbicide treated Athinaida mulched subplotse0
- Outcome
- corn yielde0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- respective herbicide‐treated subplotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This corn yield in no herbicide treated Athinaida mulched subplots was similar with that obtained in respective herbicide‐treated subplots.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend Athinaida barley cover crop to suppress annual grass weeds in corn and minimize herbicides.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- barley cultivar Athinaida could be used as cover crop for annual grass weed suppressione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“barley cultivar Athinaida could be used as cover crop for annual grass weed suppression in corn and consequently to minimize herbicide applications”
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