Abstract
THE INTERFERENCE of weeds with economic crops is a worldwide problem. The weeds suppress the growht of the crop plants and decrease their production. As the herbicides have several hazards, health and environment safe alternatives should be seeking. In this study, water extract of Trianthema portulacastrum (10g L-1) was used to control the growth of weeds associating the plantations. Nine plots (each of 25m2) were prepared in a complete randomized design for different experimental treatments. The treatments were: a) Cultivated with maize without treatment (control), b) Irrigated with the extract (2 L/m2) once a day for 5 days (BC) before cultivation with maize, and c) Treated before cultivation and then irrigated with the extract until harvesting (IC) for two cropping seasons (April 2017 and April 2018). After treatment, the density of each weed species was calculated, maize growth parameters and grain nutrient contents were determined. The results showed that the associated weeds were declined to 54.1%, 52.8% in BC and 75.7%, 83.3% in IC during the first and second growth seasons, respectively. Plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, ear weight, number and weight of grains, grain yield and harvest index, the nutritive value of the grains (carbohydrates, proteins, fats and minerals), and soil parameters (organic matter and NPK) of Maize plants were increased significantly in the treated sites during both seasons. During the second crop season the number and the type of weed individuals were more declined than the first crop season as a result of treatment with water extract of T. portulacastrum. On the other hand the growth of maize increased during the second crop season as a result of treatment with water extract of T. portulacastrum. Our study obviously showed that the water extract of T. portulacastrum can be a potential bio-fertilizer and used to control weeds.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Associated weeds declined to 54.1% in the BC treatment in the first growth season.
- Treatment
- Irrigated with the extract (2 L/m2) once a day for 5 days (BC) before cultivation with maizee1
- Interactor
- associated weedse0weed
- Outcome
- associated weedse0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- 54.1%e0
- Qualifier
- firste0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“on the Growth of Zea mays L.”
e0“the associated weeds were declined to 54.1%, 52.8% in BC and 75.7%, 83.3% in IC during the first and second growth seasons, respectively”
e1“Irrigated with the extract (2 L/m2) once a day for 5 days (BC) before cultivation with maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Associated weeds declined to 52.8% in the BC treatment in the second growth season.
- Treatment
- Irrigated with the extract (2 L/m2) once a day for 5 days (BC) before cultivation with maizee1
- Interactor
- associated weedse0weed
- Outcome
- associated weedse0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- 52.8%e0
- Qualifier
- second growth seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“on the Growth of Zea mays L.”
e0“the associated weeds were declined to 54.1%, 52.8% in BC and 75.7%, 83.3% in IC during the first and second growth seasons, respectively”
e1“Irrigated with the extract (2 L/m2) once a day for 5 days (BC) before cultivation with maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Associated weeds declined to 75.7% in the IC treatment in the first growth season.
- Treatment
- Treated before cultivation and then irrigated with the extract until harvesting (IC)e2
- Interactor
- associated weedse0weed
- Outcome
- associated weedse0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- 75.7%e0
- Qualifier
- firste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“on the Growth of Zea mays L.”
e0“the associated weeds were declined to 54.1%, 52.8% in BC and 75.7%, 83.3% in IC during the first and second growth seasons, respectively”
e2“Treated before cultivation and then irrigated with the extract until harvesting (IC)”
Claim · model-written summary
Associated weeds declined to 83.3% in the IC treatment in the second growth season.
- Treatment
- Treated before cultivation and then irrigated with the extract until harvesting (IC)e2
- Interactor
- associated weedse0weed
- Outcome
- associated weedse0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- 83.3%e0
- Qualifier
- second growth seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“on the Growth of Zea mays L.”
e0“the associated weeds were declined to 54.1%, 52.8% in BC and 75.7%, 83.3% in IC during the first and second growth seasons, respectively”
e2“Treated before cultivation and then irrigated with the extract until harvesting (IC)”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed individuals were more declined in the second crop season than in the first, as a result of the water extract treatment.
- Treatment
- water extract of T. portulacastrume3
- Interactor
- weed individualse3weed
- Outcome
- number and the type of weed individualse3
- Direction
- more declinede3
- Comparator
- the first crop seasone3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“on the Growth of Zea mays L.”
e3“During the second crop season the number and the type of weed individuals were more declined than the first crop season as a result of treatment with water extract of T. portulacastrum”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize growth increased in the second crop season as a result of the water extract treatment.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“on the Growth of Zea mays L.”
e4“the growth of maize increased during the second crop season as a result of treatment with water extract of T. portulacastrum”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize plant height, number of leaves and leaf area increased significantly in treated sites during both seasons.
- Treatment
- treated sitese5
- Outcome
- Plant height, number of leaves, leaf areae5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Qualifier
- during both seasonse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“on the Growth of Zea mays L.”
e5“Plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, ear weight, number and weight of grains, grain yield and harvest index, the nutritive value of the grains (carbohydrates, proteins, fats and minerals), and soil parameters (organic matter and NPK) of Maize plants were increased significantly in the treated sites during both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize ear weight, grain number and grain weight increased significantly in treated sites during both seasons.
- Treatment
- treated sitese5
- Outcome
- ear weight, number and weight of grainse5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Qualifier
- during both seasonse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“on the Growth of Zea mays L.”
e5“Plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, ear weight, number and weight of grains, grain yield and harvest index, the nutritive value of the grains (carbohydrates, proteins, fats and minerals), and soil parameters (organic matter and NPK) of Maize plants were increased significantly in the treated sites during both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize grain yield and harvest index increased significantly in treated sites during both seasons.
- Treatment
- treated sitese5
- Outcome
- grain yield and harvest indexe5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Qualifier
- during both seasonse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“on the Growth of Zea mays L.”
e5“Plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, ear weight, number and weight of grains, grain yield and harvest index, the nutritive value of the grains (carbohydrates, proteins, fats and minerals), and soil parameters (organic matter and NPK) of Maize plants were increased significantly in the treated sites during both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain carbohydrate, protein and fat content increased significantly in treated sites during both seasons.
- Treatment
- treated sitese5
- Outcome
- carbohydrates, proteins, fatse5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Qualifier
- during both seasonse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“on the Growth of Zea mays L.”
e5“Plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, ear weight, number and weight of grains, grain yield and harvest index, the nutritive value of the grains (carbohydrates, proteins, fats and minerals), and soil parameters (organic matter and NPK) of Maize plants were increased significantly in the treated sites during both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain mineral content increased significantly in treated sites during both seasons.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“on the Growth of Zea mays L.”
e5“Plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, ear weight, number and weight of grains, grain yield and harvest index, the nutritive value of the grains (carbohydrates, proteins, fats and minerals), and soil parameters (organic matter and NPK) of Maize plants were increased significantly in the treated sites during both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil organic matter and NPK increased significantly in treated sites during both seasons.
- Treatment
- treated sitese5
- Outcome
- soil parameters (organic matter and NPK)e5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Qualifier
- during both seasonse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“on the Growth of Zea mays L.”
e5“Plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, ear weight, number and weight of grains, grain yield and harvest index, the nutritive value of the grains (carbohydrates, proteins, fats and minerals), and soil parameters (organic matter and NPK) of Maize plants were increased significantly in the treated sites during both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that the water extract can be a potential bio-fertilizer and used to control weeds.
- Outcome
- potential bio-fertilizer and used to control weedse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“on the Growth of Zea mays L.”
e6“can be a potential bio-fertilizer and used to control weeds”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · weed · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
11 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.