Abstract
Summary: Series of apple and pear shoots were inoculated with the scab pathogens Venturia inaequalis and V. pirina and injected with polyphenolic metabolites extracted from apple and pear leaves, and with urea. The translocation and persistence of arbutin in Cox leaves was demonstrated chromatographically. Injection of metabolites of the highly susceptible varieties Cox and Williams back into the same varieties, markedly inhibited the pathogens, which suggests that these potential resistance factors do not occur only in varieties which are scab resistant. Inhibition of infection was most marked on leaves already developing a mature resistance and the injection treatments were most effective when applied near the time of inoculation. Injection of urea increased susceptibility to V. inaequalis, and further results indicated the importance of optimal balance mechanisms between polyphenolic and nitrogenous metabolites. Chlorogenic acid and isochlorogenic acid strongly inhibited both pathogens and there was some indication of synergism between them as resistance factors.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Injected metabolites of the susceptible apple varieties Cox and Williams markedly inhibited the scab pathogens Venturia inaequalis and V. pirina.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae1 - Material
- Cox and Williamse2
- Treatment
- Injection of metabolitese2
- Interactor
- Venturia inaequalis
Venturia inaequalise1pathogen - Second interactor
- V. pirina
Venturia pyrinae1pathogen - Outcome
- pathogense2
- Direction
- markedly inhibitede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Series of apple and pear shoots were inoculated with the scab pathogens Venturia inaequalis and V. pirina and injected with polyphenolic metabolites extracted from apple and pear leaves, and with urea”
e2“Injection of metabolites of the highly susceptible varieties Cox and Williams back into the same varieties, markedly inhibited the pathogens”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibition of infection was most marked on apple leaves already developing a mature resistance.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Organ / stage
- leaves already developing a mature resistancee3
- Treatment
- injection treatmentse4
- Outcome
- Inhibition of infectione3
- Direction
- most markede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Series of apple and pear shoots were inoculated with the scab pathogens Venturia inaequalis and V. pirina and injected with polyphenolic metabolites extracted from apple and pear leaves, and with urea”
e3“Inhibition of infection was most marked on leaves already developing a mature resistance”
e4“the injection treatments were most effective when applied near the time of inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Injection treatments on apple shoots were most effective when applied near the time of inoculation.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- injection treatmentse4
- Outcome
- Inhibition of infectione3
- Direction
- most effectivee4
- Qualifier
- when applied near the time of inoculatione4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Series of apple and pear shoots were inoculated with the scab pathogens Venturia inaequalis and V. pirina and injected with polyphenolic metabolites extracted from apple and pear leaves, and with urea”
e3“Inhibition of infection was most marked on leaves already developing a mature resistance”
e4“the injection treatments were most effective when applied near the time of inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Injection of urea increased susceptibility of apple shoots to Venturia inaequalis.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Injection of ureae5
- Interactor
- V. inaequalisVenturia inaequalise5pathogen
- Outcome
- susceptibilitye5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Series of apple and pear shoots were inoculated with the scab pathogens Venturia inaequalis and V. pirina and injected with polyphenolic metabolites extracted from apple and pear leaves, and with urea”
e5“Injection of urea increased susceptibility to V. inaequalis”
Claim · model-written summary
Susceptibility of apple shoots appears to depend on an optimal balance between polyphenolic and nitrogenous metabolites.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Compound
- polyphenolic and nitrogenous metabolitese6
- Outcome
- susceptibilitye5
- Qualifier
- optimal balance mechanisms between polyphenolic and nitrogenous metabolitese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Series of apple and pear shoots were inoculated with the scab pathogens Venturia inaequalis and V. pirina and injected with polyphenolic metabolites extracted from apple and pear leaves, and with urea”
e5“Injection of urea increased susceptibility to V. inaequalis”
e6“further results indicated the importance of optimal balance mechanisms between polyphenolic and nitrogenous metabolites”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorogenic acid and isochlorogenic acid strongly inhibited Venturia inaequalis and V. pirina on apple.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Interactor
- Venturia inaequalisVenturia inaequalise1pathogen
- Second interactor
- V. pirinaVenturia pyrinae1pathogen
- Compound
- Chlorogenic acid and isochlorogenic acide7
- Outcome
- pathogense7
- Direction
- strongly inhibitede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Series of apple and pear shoots were inoculated with the scab pathogens Venturia inaequalis and V. pirina and injected with polyphenolic metabolites extracted from apple and pear leaves, and with urea”
e7“Chlorogenic acid and isochlorogenic acid strongly inhibited both pathogens”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorogenic acid and isochlorogenic acid showed some indication of synergism as resistance factors.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Compound
- Chlorogenic acid and isochlorogenic acide7
- Outcome
- resistance factorse3
- Qualifier
- some indication of synergism between theme3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Series of apple and pear shoots were inoculated with the scab pathogens Venturia inaequalis and V. pirina and injected with polyphenolic metabolites extracted from apple and pear leaves, and with urea”
e7“Chlorogenic acid and isochlorogenic acid strongly inhibited both pathogens”
e3“there was some indication of synergism between them as resistance factors”
Claim · model-written summary
Arbutin was translocated and persisted in Cox leaves, as demonstrated chromatographically.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Material
- Coxe2
- Organ / stage
- leavese2
- Outcome
- translocation and persistence of arbutine2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Series of apple and pear shoots were inoculated with the scab pathogens Venturia inaequalis and V. pirina and injected with polyphenolic metabolites extracted from apple and pear leaves, and with urea”
e2“The translocation and persistence of arbutin in Cox leaves was demonstrated chromatographically”
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