Abstract
ABSTRACT The influences of Microsphaeropsis sp., M. arundinis, Ophiostoma sp., Diplodia sp., and Trichoderma sp., all antagonists of Venturia inaequalis, on ascospore production were evaluated under natural conditions and compared with urea and Athelia bombacina, a known antagonist. In the autumn, the fungi were applied to leaf disks artificially inoculated with V. inaequalis and to scabbed apple (Malus domestica) leaves incubated under controlled and natural conditions. In addition, large-scale trials were conducted with Microsphaeropsis sp. applied either as a foliar postharvest spray or as a ground application at 90% leaf fall. All fungal isolates, except Ophiostoma sp., were recovered from the leaf material that overwintered in the orchard. All treatments, except those with Ophiostoma sp., resulted in a significant reduction in V. inaequalis ascospore production on the leaf disks incubated under controlled conditions or in the orchard. In 1997, leaves with apple scab lesions treated with urea or Microsphaeropsis sp. produced significantly fewer ascospores of V. inaequalis than did nontreated leaves, with a reduction of 73.0 and 76.3%, respectively. In 1998, leaves treated with Microsphaeropsis sp., urea, Trichoderma sp., A. bombacina, and M. arundinis reduced ascospore production by 84.3, 96.6, 75.2, 96.6, and 52.2%, respectively. Based on all tests combined, the most efficient isolate was Microsphaeropsis sp. Postharvest applications of Microsphaeropsis sp. reduced the total amount of airborne ascospores trapped by 70.7 and 79.8% as compared with the nontreated plots in 1997 and 1998, respectively. Microsphaeropsis sp. provided a significant and consistent reduction in ascospore production in all tests.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
All fungal isolates except Ophiostoma were recovered from overwintered apple leaf material.
- Taxon
- apple (Malus domestica)
Malus domesticae1 - Outcome
- fungal isolates, except Ophiostoma sp., were recoverede0
- Setting
- orcharde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All fungal isolates, except Ophiostoma sp., were recovered from the leaf material that overwintered in the orchard”
e1“scabbed apple (Malus domestica) leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
All treatments except Ophiostoma significantly reduced V. inaequalis ascospore production on leaf disks.
- Taxon
- apple (Malus domestica)Malus domesticae1
- Treatment
- All treatments, except those with Ophiostoma sp.e0
- Interactor
- V. inaequalis
Venturia inaequalise0pathogen - Outcome
- V. inaequalis ascospore productione0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All treatments, except those with Ophiostoma sp., resulted in a significant reduction in V. inaequalis ascospore production on the leaf disks incubated under controlled conditions or in the orchard”
e1“scabbed apple (Malus domestica) leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea reduced 1997 V. inaequalis ascospore production by 73.0%.
- Taxon
- apple (Malus domestica)Malus domesticae1
- Treatment
- ureae0
- Interactor
- V. inaequalisVenturia inaequalise0pathogen
- Outcome
- ascospores of V. inaequalise0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 73.0e0
- Comparator
- nontreated leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1997, leaves with apple scab lesions treated with urea or Microsphaeropsis sp. produced significantly fewer ascospores of V. inaequalis than did nontreated leaves, with a reduction of 73.0 and 76.3%, respectively”
e1“scabbed apple (Malus domestica) leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Microsphaeropsis reduced 1997 V. inaequalis ascospore production by 76.3%.
- Taxon
- apple (Malus domestica)Malus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Microsphaeropsis sp.e0
- Interactor
- V. inaequalisVenturia inaequalise0pathogen
- Outcome
- ascospores of V. inaequalise0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 76.3%e0
- Comparator
- nontreated leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1997, leaves with apple scab lesions treated with urea or Microsphaeropsis sp. produced significantly fewer ascospores of V. inaequalis than did nontreated leaves, with a reduction of 73.0 and 76.3%, respectively”
e1“scabbed apple (Malus domestica) leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Microsphaeropsis reduced 1998 ascospore production by 84.3%.
- Taxon
- apple (Malus domestica)Malus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Microsphaeropsis sp.e0
- Outcome
- ascospore productione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 84.3e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1998, leaves treated with Microsphaeropsis sp., urea, Trichoderma sp., A. bombacina, and M. arundinis reduced ascospore production by 84.3, 96.6, 75.2, 96.6, and 52.2%, respectively”
e1“scabbed apple (Malus domestica) leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea reduced 1998 ascospore production by 96.6%.
- Taxon
- apple (Malus domestica)Malus domesticae1
- Treatment
- ureae0
- Outcome
- ascospore productione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 96.6e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1998, leaves treated with Microsphaeropsis sp., urea, Trichoderma sp., A. bombacina, and M. arundinis reduced ascospore production by 84.3, 96.6, 75.2, 96.6, and 52.2%, respectively”
e1“scabbed apple (Malus domestica) leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma reduced 1998 ascospore production by 75.2%.
- Taxon
- apple (Malus domestica)Malus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Trichoderma sp.e0
- Outcome
- ascospore productione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 75.2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1998, leaves treated with Microsphaeropsis sp., urea, Trichoderma sp., A. bombacina, and M. arundinis reduced ascospore production by 84.3, 96.6, 75.2, 96.6, and 52.2%, respectively”
e1“scabbed apple (Malus domestica) leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
A. bombacina reduced 1998 ascospore production by 96.6%.
- Taxon
- apple (Malus domestica)Malus domesticae1
- Treatment
- A. bombacinae0
- Outcome
- ascospore productione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 96.6e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1998, leaves treated with Microsphaeropsis sp., urea, Trichoderma sp., A. bombacina, and M. arundinis reduced ascospore production by 84.3, 96.6, 75.2, 96.6, and 52.2%, respectively”
e1“scabbed apple (Malus domestica) leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
M. arundinis reduced 1998 ascospore production by 52.2%.
- Taxon
- apple (Malus domestica)Malus domesticae1
- Treatment
- M. arundinise0
- Outcome
- ascospore productione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 52.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1998, leaves treated with Microsphaeropsis sp., urea, Trichoderma sp., A. bombacina, and M. arundinis reduced ascospore production by 84.3, 96.6, 75.2, 96.6, and 52.2%, respectively”
e1“scabbed apple (Malus domestica) leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Microsphaeropsis was the most efficient antagonist across tests.
- Taxon
- apple (Malus domestica)Malus domesticae1
- Outcome
- most efficient isolate was Microsphaeropsis sp.e0
- Direction
- most efficiente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Based on all tests combined, the most efficient isolate was Microsphaeropsis sp.”
e1“scabbed apple (Malus domestica) leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Postharvest Microsphaeropsis applications reduced airborne ascospores by 70.7% in 1997.
- Taxon
- apple (Malus domestica)Malus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Postharvest applications of Microsphaeropsis sp.e0
- Outcome
- total amount of airborne ascospores trappede0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 70.7e0
- Comparator
- nontreated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Postharvest applications of Microsphaeropsis sp. reduced the total amount of airborne ascospores trapped by 70.7 and 79.8% as compared with the nontreated plots in 1997 and 1998, respectively”
e1“scabbed apple (Malus domestica) leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Postharvest Microsphaeropsis applications reduced airborne ascospores by 79.8% in 1998.
- Taxon
- apple (Malus domestica)Malus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Postharvest applications of Microsphaeropsis sp.e0
- Outcome
- total amount of airborne ascospores trappede0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 79.8%e0
- Comparator
- nontreated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Postharvest applications of Microsphaeropsis sp. reduced the total amount of airborne ascospores trapped by 70.7 and 79.8% as compared with the nontreated plots in 1997 and 1998, respectively”
e1“scabbed apple (Malus domestica) leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Microsphaeropsis consistently and significantly reduced ascospore production across all tests.
- Taxon
- apple (Malus domestica)Malus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Microsphaeropsis sp.e0
- Outcome
- ascospore productione0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Microsphaeropsis sp. provided a significant and consistent reduction in ascospore production in all tests”
e1“scabbed apple (Malus domestica) leaves”
The same questions in other papers
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- positive
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See all 13 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.