Abstract
Several plant growth regulators and fungicides, which inhibit gibberellin synthesis, were tested for their effect on the development of freezing tolerance of winter wheats (Triticum aestivum em Thell). Seeds of Norstar and Norwin were treated with either triadimenol; prochloraz, alone or in combination with imazalil; tetcyclasis; and carbathiin. The first four compounds are potent plant growth regulators that inhibit the production of gibberellins. The first three compounds, triadimenol, prochloraz and imazalil are also registered seed fungicides. Carbathiin, also a seed fungicide, has no known plant growth regulator activity. Prochloraz alone or in combination with imazalil and carbathiin initially delayed germination of both cultivars; after 144 h, however, germination was 90% or better for all treatments except the seeds of Norwin treated with carbathiin which were only 84% germinable. None of the fungicides increased the freezing tolerance of the Norstar crowns; however, carbathiin, tetcyclasis, triadimenol, prochloraz alone and in combination with imazalil (intermediate rate) reduced freezing tolerance. The freezing tolerance of Norwin, a semi-dwarf winter wheat, was reduced by tetcyclasis at the low and intermediate rate. In samples collected in the spring, the carbathiin treatment reduced the freezing tolerance of both Norwin and Norstar. None of the treatments affected the growth of the Norstar crowns in late October. Only triadimenol (intermediate rate) and tetcyclasis (intermediate and high rate) increased the crown moisture content. The carbathiin seed treatment increased the growth of Norwin crowns in the autumn. Nearly all of the treatments increased the crown moisture content of the Norwin crowns. In estimating spring vigour, only triadimenol (low rate) and tetcyclasis (intermediate rate) increased the leaf number of Norstar crowns, whereas nearly all treatments except tetcyclasis (intermediate rate) and prochloraz alone or in combination with imazalil increased leaf number of Norwin crowns. All rates of triadimenol and tetcyclasis, at the low rate, stimulated development of more roots for Norwin. The above seed treatment provide little or no benefit for the survival of winter wheats to a freezing stress. Key words: Winter wheat, seed treatment, fungicides, freezing tolerance
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Prochloraz alone or with imazalil, and carbathiin, initially delayed germination of both winter wheat cultivars.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Prochloraz alone or in combination with imazalil and carbathiine0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“Prochloraz alone or in combination with imazalil and carbathiin initially delayed germination of both cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
After 144 h germination was 90% or better for all treatments except Norwin seeds treated with carbathiin.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Value
- 90% or bettere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“germination was 90% or better for all treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Norwin seeds treated with carbathiin reached only 84% germination after 144 h.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Norwine0
- Treatment
- carbathiine0
- Outcome
- germinablee0
- Value
- 84%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“the seeds of Norwin treated with carbathiin which were only 84% germinable”
Claim · model-written summary
None of the fungicides increased the freezing tolerance of Norstar crowns.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Norstare0
- Treatment
- fungicidese0
- Outcome
- freezing tolerancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“None of the fungicides increased the freezing tolerance of the Norstar crowns”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbathiin, tetcyclasis, triadimenol, and prochloraz alone or with imazalil (intermediate rate) reduced freezing tolerance of Norstar crowns.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Norstare0
- Treatment
- carbathiin, tetcyclasis, triadimenol, prochloraz alone and in combination with imazalil (intermediate rate)e0
- Outcome
- freezing tolerancee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“None of the fungicides increased the freezing tolerance of the Norstar crowns; however, carbathiin, tetcyclasis, triadimenol, prochloraz alone and in combination with imazalil (intermediate rate) reduced freezing tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
Tetcyclasis at the low and intermediate rate reduced the freezing tolerance of the semi-dwarf winter wheat Norwin.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Norwine0
- Treatment
- tetcyclasis at the low and intermediate ratee0
- Outcome
- freezing tolerancee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“The freezing tolerance of Norwin, a semi-dwarf winter wheat, was reduced by tetcyclasis at the low and intermediate rate”
Claim · model-written summary
In spring samples, carbathiin seed treatment reduced the freezing tolerance of both Norwin and Norstar.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Norwin and Norstare0
- Treatment
- carbathiin treatmente0
- Outcome
- freezing tolerancee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- samples collected in the springe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“In samples collected in the spring, the carbathiin treatment reduced the freezing tolerance of both Norwin and Norstar”
Claim · model-written summary
None of the treatments affected the growth of Norstar crowns in late October.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Norstare0
- Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Outcome
- growth of the Norstar crownse0
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“None of the treatments affected the growth of the Norstar crowns in late October”
Claim · model-written summary
Only triadimenol (intermediate rate) and tetcyclasis (intermediate and high rate) increased crown moisture content.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- triadimenol (intermediate rate) and tetcyclasis (intermediate and high rate)e0
- Outcome
- crown moisture contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“Only triadimenol (intermediate rate) and tetcyclasis (intermediate and high rate) increased the crown moisture content”
Claim · model-written summary
The carbathiin seed treatment increased autumn growth of Norwin crowns.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Norwine0
- Treatment
- carbathiin seed treatmente0
- Outcome
- growth of Norwin crownse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“The carbathiin seed treatment increased the growth of Norwin crowns in the autumn”
Claim · model-written summary
Nearly all treatments increased the crown moisture content of Norwin crowns.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Norwine0
- Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Outcome
- crown moisture contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“Nearly all of the treatments increased the crown moisture content of the Norwin crowns”
Claim · model-written summary
Only triadimenol (low rate) and tetcyclasis (intermediate rate) increased the leaf number of Norstar crowns in spring.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Norstare0
- Treatment
- triadimenol (low rate) and tetcyclasis (intermediate rate)e0
- Outcome
- leaf numbere0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“only triadimenol (low rate) and tetcyclasis (intermediate rate) increased the leaf number of Norstar crowns”
Claim · model-written summary
Nearly all treatments except tetcyclasis (intermediate rate) and prochloraz alone or with imazalil increased the leaf number of Norwin crowns.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Norwine0
- Treatment
- nearly all treatments except tetcyclasis (intermediate rate) and prochloraz alone or in combination with imazalile0
- Outcome
- leaf numbere0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“nearly all treatments except tetcyclasis (intermediate rate) and prochloraz alone or in combination with imazalil increased leaf number of Norwin crowns”
Claim · model-written summary
All rates of triadimenol and the low rate of tetcyclasis stimulated development of more roots in Norwin.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Norwine0
- Treatment
- All rates of triadimenol and tetcyclasis, at the low ratee0
- Outcome
- development of more rootse0
- Direction
- moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“All rates of triadimenol and tetcyclasis, at the low rate, stimulated development of more roots for Norwin”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that these seed treatments give little or no benefit for winter wheat survival under freezing stress.
- Outcome
- survival of winter wheats to a freezing stresse0
TriticumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The above seed treatment provide little or no benefit for the survival of winter wheats to a freezing stress”
The same questions in other papers
triadimenol · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
carboxin · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →seed treatment · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
258 papers in the same direction as this paper · 31 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
289 papers more in this group
See all 293 papers →fungicide · tolerance: abiotic · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.