Abstract
Abstract Endophytes, both of bacterial and fungal origin, are ubiquitously present in all plants. While their origin and evolution are enigmatic, there is burgeoning literature on their role in promoting growth and stress responses in their hosts. We demonstrate that a salt-tolerant endophyte isolated from salt-adapted Pokkali rice, a Fusarium sp ., colonizes the salt-sensitive rice variety IR-64, promotes its growth under salt stress and confers salinity stress tolerance to its host. Physiological parameters, such as assimilation rate and chlorophyll stability index were higher in the colonized plants. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed 1348 up-regulated and 1078 down-regulated genes in plants colonized by the endophyte. Analysis of the regulated genes by MapMan and interaction network programs showed that they are involved in both abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, and code for proteins involved in signal perception (leucine-rich repeat proteins, receptor-like kinases) and transduction (Ca 2+ and calmodulin-binding proteins), transcription factors, secondary metabolism and oxidative stress scavenging. For nine genes, the data were validated by qPCR analysis in both roots and shoots. Taken together, these results show that salt-adapted Pokkali rice varieties are powerful sources for the identification of novel endophytes, which can be used to confer salinity tolerance to agriculturally important, but salt-sensitive rice varieties.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The Fusarium endophyte colonized salt-sensitive rice IR-64.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Material
- IR-64e0
- Outcome
- colonizese0
FusariumNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a Fusarium sp ., colonizes the salt-sensitive rice variety IR-64”
Claim · model-written summary
The Fusarium endophyte promoted growth of IR-64 under salt stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- IR-64e0
- Treatment
- Fusarium sp .e0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- promotese0
- Qualifier
- under salt stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a Fusarium sp ., colonizes the salt-sensitive rice variety IR-64, promotes its growth under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
The Fusarium endophyte conferred salinity stress tolerance to rice IR-64.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- IR-64e0
- Treatment
- Fusarium sp .e0
- Outcome
- salinity stress tolerancee0
- Direction
- conferse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a Fusarium sp ., colonizes the salt-sensitive rice variety IR-64, promotes its growth under salt stress and confers salinity stress tolerance to its host”
Claim · model-written summary
Assimilation rate and chlorophyll stability index were higher in colonized rice plants.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- assimilation rate and chlorophyll stability indexe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- colonized plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Physiological parameters, such as assimilation rate and chlorophyll stability index were higher in the colonized plants.”
t0“rice confers salt-tolerance”
e1“a Fusarium sp .”
Claim · model-written summary
Endophyte-colonized rice plants had 1348 up-regulated genes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- up-regulatede0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
- Value
- 1348e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1348 up-regulated and 1078 down-regulated genes in plants colonized by the endophyte.”
t0“rice variety”
Claim · model-written summary
Endophyte-colonized rice plants had 1078 down-regulated genes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- down-regulated genese0
- Direction
- down-regulatede0
- Value
- 1078e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1348 up-regulated and 1078 down-regulated genes in plants colonized by the endophyte.”
t0“rice variety”
Claim · model-written summary
Regulated genes were linked to abiotic and biotic stress tolerance and multiple signaling and metabolic protein groups.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- involved in both abiotic and biotic stress tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- signal perceptione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“they are involved in both abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, and code for proteins involved in signal perception (leucine-rich repeat proteins, receptor-like kinases) and transduction (Ca 2+ and calmodulin-binding proteins), transcription factors, secondary metabolism and oxidative stress scavenging.”
t0“rice variety”
Claim · model-written summary
qPCR validated transcriptome data for nine genes in roots and shoots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- roots and shootse0
- Outcome
- data were validated by qPCR analysise0
- Value
- nine genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For nine genes, the data were validated by qPCR analysis in both roots and shoots.”
t0“rice variety”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identify salt-adapted Pokkali rice as a source of endophytes for conferring salt tolerance to sensitive rice varieties.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Pokkalie0
- Outcome
- sources for the identification of novel endophytese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt-adapted Pokkali rice varieties are powerful sources for the identification of novel endophytes, which can be used to confer salinity tolerance to agriculturally important, but salt-sensitive rice varieties.”
The same questions in other papers
Fusarium · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.