Abstract
Abstract Nitrogen management for production of bread quality wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) in eastern Canada has received little research attention. An experiment was conducted for 2 years at each of two sites in Québec to study the effect of level and timing of nitrogen (N) fertilizer application on grain protein concentration, protein content per seed, non‐protein seed dry matter, grain protein yield and nitrogen harvest index (portion of plant N in the grain) of four hard red spring wheat cultivars known to have potential as bread wheats in eastern Canada. The soil types were Bearbroock clay (fine, mixed, non‐acid, frigid, Humaquept) and Ste‐Rosalie clay (typic, non‐acid, frigid, Humaquept). The experiment was a 4 × 4 × 2 factorial. Four cultivars were used: Columbus, Katepwa, Max and Hege 155–85. In both years 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg Nha −1 were applied either all at seeding or 60 % at seeding and 40 % at heading. Grain protein concentration and grain protein yield increased consistently with increasing N fertilizer and with split N application. Nitrogen harvest index was not increased by increasing applications of N fertilizer. Protein content per seed was more critical in determining grain protein concentration than non‐protein seed dry matter content. The western Canadian cultivars Columbus and Katepwa generally had greater grain protein concentration than the European cultivars Max and Hege 155–85, With reasonable N fertility the grain protein concentration of spring wheats grown in eastern Canada are sufficient for bread production.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen fertilizer increased grain protein concentration and grain protein yield.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- increasing N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- Grain protein concentration and grain protein yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain protein concentration and grain protein yield increased consistently with increasing N fertilizer and with split N application.”
t0“Bread Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Split nitrogen application increased grain protein concentration and grain protein yield.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- split N applicatione0
- Outcome
- Grain protein concentration and grain protein yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain protein concentration and grain protein yield increased consistently with increasing N fertilizer and with split N application.”
t0“Bread Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen fertilizer did not increase nitrogen harvest index.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increasing applications of N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- Nitrogen harvest indexe0
- Direction
- not increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen harvest index was not increased by increasing applications of N fertilizer.”
t0“Bread Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein per seed was more critical to grain protein concentration than non-protein seed dry matter.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- seede0
- Outcome
- grain protein concentratione0
- Qualifier
- Protein content per seed was more criticale0
- Comparator
- non‐protein seed dry matter contente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Protein content per seed was more critical in determining grain protein concentration than non‐protein seed dry matter content.”
t0“Bread Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Columbus generally had greater grain protein concentration than Max and Hege 155–85.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Columbuse0
- Outcome
- grain protein concentratione0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- generallye0
- Comparator
- Max and Hege 155–85e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The western Canadian cultivars Columbus and Katepwa generally had greater grain protein concentration than the European cultivars Max and Hege 155–85”
t0“Bread Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Katepwa generally had greater grain protein concentration than Max and Hege 155–85.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Katepwae0
- Outcome
- grain protein concentratione0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- generallye0
- Comparator
- Max and Hege 155–85e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The western Canadian cultivars Columbus and Katepwa generally had greater grain protein concentration than the European cultivars Max and Hege 155–85”
t0“Bread Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
With reasonable nitrogen fertility, eastern Canadian spring wheat grain protein is sufficient for bread production.
- Outcome
- grain protein concentratione0
- Direction
- sufficiente0
- Qualifier
- With reasonable N fertilitye0
- Setting
- eastern Canadae0
TriticumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With reasonable N fertility the grain protein concentration of spring wheats grown in eastern Canada are sufficient for bread production.”
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See all 3,438 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.