Abstract
Light‐requiring Grand Rapids lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) achenes develop skotodormancy when imbibed in darkness for 7 days at 25°C. Redried skotodormant achenes maintain this type of dormancy upon subsequent rehydration. At 25°C full germination of skotodormant achenes can be induced by continuous and intermittent red light illumination as well as by several brief red irradiations given daily. One brief (10 min) red light irradiation can partly break skotodormancy at 20°C, while at lower temperatures the same treatment results in full induction of germination. Phytochrome control of the release from skotodormancy is proven by a) the dependence of the germination response on the relative sequence of red and far‐red light in cyclic irradiations, and b) the reversion of red action by subsequent far‐red irradiation. The time course of germination of skotodormant achenes treated with intermittent red light depends upon the length of dark interval between the light pulses. Germination is considerably delayed compared to that of non‐skotodormant ones, induced by a single brief red light treatment. This fact in combination with the requirement, over a long period of time, of P fr action for full manifestation of germination, indicates that skotodormancy is a deeper form of dormancy. It is concluded that the germination of lettuce achenes may always be subjected to phytochrome control.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Lettuce achenes developed skotodormancy after seven days of dark imbibition at 25°C.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativae0 - Material
- Grand Rapidse0
- Organ / stage
- achenese0
- Outcome
- develop skotodormancye0
- Qualifier
- in darkness for 7 days at 25°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Light‐requiring Grand Rapids lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) achenes develop skotodormancy when imbibed in darkness for 7 days at 25°C”
Claim · model-written summary
Redried skotodormant achenes retained dormancy after rehydration.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Organ / stage
- achenese0
- Outcome
- maintain this type of dormancye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Redried skotodormant achenes maintain this type of dormancy upon subsequent rehydration”
t0“lettuce achenes”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous red light induced full germination of skotodormant lettuce achenes at 25°C.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- continuouse0
- Outcome
- full germinatione0
- Qualifier
- At 25°Ce0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 25°C full germination of skotodormant achenes can be induced by continuous and intermittent red light illumination as well as by several brief red irradiations given daily”
t0“lettuce achenes”
Claim · model-written summary
Intermittent red light induced full germination at 25°C.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- intermittent red light illuminatione0
- Outcome
- full germinatione0
- Qualifier
- At 25°Ce0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 25°C full germination of skotodormant achenes can be induced by continuous and intermittent red light illumination as well as by several brief red irradiations given daily”
t0“lettuce achenes”
Claim · model-written summary
Several brief daily red irradiations induced full germination at 25°C.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- several brief red irradiations given dailye0
- Outcome
- full germinatione0
- Qualifier
- At 25°Ce0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 25°C full germination of skotodormant achenes can be induced by continuous and intermittent red light illumination as well as by several brief red irradiations given daily”
t0“lettuce achenes”
Claim · model-written summary
A 10 minute red irradiation partly broke skotodormancy at 20°C.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- One brief (10 min) red light irradiatione0
- Outcome
- partly break skotodormancye0
- Qualifier
- 20°Ce0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“One brief (10 min) red light irradiation can partly break skotodormancy at 20°C”
t0“lettuce achenes”
Claim · model-written summary
The same brief irradiation fully induced germination at lower temperatures.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- One brief (10 min) red light irradiatione1
- Outcome
- full induction of germinatione0
- Qualifier
- lower temperaturese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at lower temperatures the same treatment results in full induction of germination”
e1“One brief (10 min) red light irradiation”
t0“lettuce achenes”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination depended on red and far-red irradiation order, supporting phytochrome control.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- relative sequence of red and far‐red lighte0
- Outcome
- germination responsee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dependence of the germination response on the relative sequence of red and far‐red light in cyclic irradiations”
t0“lettuce achenes”
Claim · model-written summary
Far-red irradiation reversed the action of red light.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- subsequent far‐red irradiatione0
- Outcome
- red actione0
- Direction
- reversione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reversion of red action by subsequent far‐red irradiation”
t0“lettuce achenes”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination timing under intermittent red light depended on dark interval length.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- length of dark interval between the light pulsese0
- Outcome
- time course of germinatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The time course of germination of skotodormant achenes treated with intermittent red light depends upon the length of dark interval between the light pulses”
t0“lettuce achenes”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination of skotodormant achenes was considerably delayed relative to nondormant achenes.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Outcome
- Germinatione0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Comparator
- non‐skotodormant onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination is considerably delayed compared to that of non‐skotodormant ones, induced by a single brief red light treatment”
t0“lettuce achenes”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors inferred that skotodormancy is a deeper dormancy form requiring prolonged P fr action.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Outcome
- skotodormancy is a deeper form of dormancye0
- Qualifier
- P fr actione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the requirement, over a long period of time, of P fr action for full manifestation of germination, indicates that skotodormancy is a deeper form of dormancy”
t0“lettuce achenes”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that lettuce achene germination may always be under phytochrome control.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Qualifier
- phytochrome controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the germination of lettuce achenes may always be subjected to phytochrome control”
The same questions in other papers
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242 papers in the same direction as this paper · 54 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
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See all 300 papers →radiation · molecular: expression · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.