Abstract
Radish (Raphanus sativus L. cv. Cherriette), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Waldmann's Green), and spinach (Spinacea oleracea L. cv. Nordic IV) plants were grown under 660-nm red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and were compared at equal photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) with either plants grown under cool-white fluorescent lamps (CWF) or red LEDs supplemented with 10% (30 micromoles m-2 s-1) blue light (400-500 nm) from blue fluorescent (BF) lamps. At 21 days after planting (DAP), leaf photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductance were greater for plants grown under CWF light than for those grown under red LEDs, with or without supplemental blue light. At harvest (21 DAP), total dry-weight accumulation was significantly lower for all species tested when grown under red LEDs alone than when grown under CWF light or red LEDs + 10% BF light. Moreover, total dry weight for radish and spinach was significantly lower under red LEDs + 10% BF than under CWF light, suggesting that addition of blue light to the red LEDs was still insufficient for achieving maximal growth for these crops.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Radish under CWF had greater photosynthesis and stomatal conductance than under red LEDs with or without blue light.
- Taxon
- Radish
Raphanus sativust0 - Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- CWF lighte0
- Outcome
- leaf photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- 21 days after planting (DAP)e0
- Comparator
- red LEDs, with or without supplemental blue lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 21 days after planting (DAP), leaf photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductance were greater for plants grown under CWF light than for those grown under red LEDs, with or without supplemental blue light.”
t0“Radish”
Claim · model-written summary
lettuce under CWF had greater photosynthesis and stomatal conductance than under red LEDs with or without blue light.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativat0 - Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- CWF lighte0
- Outcome
- leaf photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- 21 days after planting (DAP)e0
- Comparator
- red LEDs, with or without supplemental blue lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 21 days after planting (DAP), leaf photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductance were greater for plants grown under CWF light than for those grown under red LEDs, with or without supplemental blue light.”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
spinach under CWF had greater photosynthesis and stomatal conductance than under red LEDs with or without blue light.
- Taxon
- spinach
Spinacia oleraceat0 - Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- CWF lighte0
- Outcome
- leaf photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- 21 days after planting (DAP)e0
- Comparator
- red LEDs, with or without supplemental blue lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 21 days after planting (DAP), leaf photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductance were greater for plants grown under CWF light than for those grown under red LEDs, with or without supplemental blue light.”
t0“spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
Radish dry weight was lower under red LEDs alone than CWF or red plus blue light.
- Taxon
- RadishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- red LEDs alonee0
- Outcome
- total dry-weight accumulatione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- 21 DAPe0
- Comparator
- CWF light or red LEDs + 10% BF lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At harvest (21 DAP), total dry-weight accumulation was significantly lower for all species tested when grown under red LEDs alone than when grown under CWF light or red LEDs + 10% BF light.”
t0“Radish”
Claim · model-written summary
lettuce dry weight was lower under red LEDs alone than CWF or red plus blue light.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- red LEDs alonee0
- Outcome
- total dry-weight accumulatione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- 21 DAPe0
- Comparator
- CWF light or red LEDs + 10% BF lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At harvest (21 DAP), total dry-weight accumulation was significantly lower for all species tested when grown under red LEDs alone than when grown under CWF light or red LEDs + 10% BF light.”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
spinach dry weight was lower under red LEDs alone than CWF or red plus blue light.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- red LEDs alonee0
- Outcome
- total dry-weight accumulatione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- 21 DAPe0
- Comparator
- CWF light or red LEDs + 10% BF lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At harvest (21 DAP), total dry-weight accumulation was significantly lower for all species tested when grown under red LEDs alone than when grown under CWF light or red LEDs + 10% BF light.”
t0“spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
radish dry weight under red plus blue light was lower than under CWF.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- red LEDs + 10% BFe0
- Outcome
- total dry weighte0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- CWF lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moreover, total dry weight for radish and spinach was significantly lower under red LEDs + 10% BF than under CWF light, suggesting that addition of blue light to the red LEDs was still insufficient for achieving maximal growth for these crops.”
Claim · model-written summary
spinach dry weight under red plus blue light was lower than under CWF.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- red LEDs + 10% BFe0
- Outcome
- total dry weighte0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- CWF lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moreover, total dry weight for radish and spinach was significantly lower under red LEDs + 10% BF than under CWF light, suggesting that addition of blue light to the red LEDs was still insufficient for achieving maximal growth for these crops.”
The same questions in other papers
light · physiology: photosynthesis · Raphanus sativus (radish)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →light · physiology: photosynthesis · Spinacia oleracea (spinach)Positive and negative results
14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- negative
24 papers more in this group
See all 28 papers →light · growth · Raphanus sativus (radish)Positive and negative results
17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- positive
26 papers more in this group
See all 30 papers →light · growth · Spinacia oleracea (spinach)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 23 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
30 papers more in this group
See all 34 papers →light · physiology: photosynthesis · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Positive and negative results
55 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- positive
- positive
71 papers more in this group
See all 75 papers →light · growth · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Positive and negative results
56 papers in the same direction as this paper · 243 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
296 papers more in this group
See all 300 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.