Abstract
AbstractFive strains of Streptomyces sp. were evaluated in vitro for their ability of inhibiting the mycelial growth of Macrophomina phaseolina, the causal agent of root rot of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.). Among the Streptomyces sp. strains tested, PDK showed the maximum in vitro inhibition of mycelial growth of M. phaseolina and recorded an inhibition zone of 21 mm. The strains CBE, MDU, SA and ANR recorded inhibition zones of 18, 16, 13 and 11 mm, respectively. These Streptomyces sp. strains were tested for their growth-promoting efficiency on mung bean seedlings. Among them, CBE and PDK recorded the maximum increase in shoot length, root length and seedling vigour compared with control, followed by MDU. Three Streptomyces sp. strains (CBE, MDU and PDK) that showed higher levels of inhibition of growth of M. phaseolina in dual culture assay and plant growth-promoting activity were tested for their biocontrol activity against root rot under greenhouse and field conditions. Seed treatment or soil application with powder formulation of Streptomyces sp. strains CBE, MDU and PDK was effective in controlling root rot disease; but, combined application through seed and soil increased the efficacy in both the greenhouse and field trials. Among the treatments, seed treatment plus soil application with powder formulation of Streptomyces sp. strain CBE proved to be most effective, which reduced the root rot incidence from 26.8% (with non-bacterised seeds) to 4.0% in Trial I and from 32.0 to 4.9% in Trial II. The above treatment recorded the highest yield in both the field trials, and the yield increase was 78 and 74% over control in Trial I and Trial II, respectively. Isozyme analysis of the Streptomyces sp.-treated plants indicates that seed treatment plus soil application strongly induce the activities of peroxidase (PO-1 and PO-2) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO-2 and PPO-3) in mung bean. Among the three strains tested, Streptomyces sp. strain MDU- treated plants showed higher levels of activities of PO and PPO. Based on the above findings, it can be concluded that both the direct inhibition of pathogen and induced resistance might be involved in the control of root rot of mung bean by Streptomyces sp.Keywords: biological controlinduced resistanceMacrophomina phaseolinamung beanroot rotStreptomyces sp.Vigna radiata AcknowledgementM. Adhilakshmi was supported by the Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship of the University Grants Commission, New Delhi, India.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
PDK gave 21 mm inhibition of M. phaseolina mycelial growth.
- Taxon
- mung bean
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiatae1 - Treatment
- PDKe0
- Interactor
- M. phaseolina
Macrophomina phaseolinae0pathogen - Second interactor
- Streptomyces sp.
Streptomyces sp.e0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- mycelial growth of M. phaseolinae0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 21 mme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Among the Streptomyces sp. strains tested, PDK showed the maximum in vitro inhibition of mycelial growth of M. phaseolina and recorded an inhibition zone of 21 mm.”
e1“Macrophomina phaseolina, the causal agent of root rot of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
CBE produced a 18 inhibition zone.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- CBEe0
- Interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae1pathogen
- Second interactor
- Streptomyces sp.Streptomyces sp.e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- inhibition zonese0
- Value
- 18e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The strains CBE, MDU, SA and ANR recorded inhibition zones of 18, 16, 13 and 11 mm, respectively.”
e1“Five strains of Streptomyces sp. were evaluated in vitro for their ability of inhibiting the mycelial growth of Macrophomina phaseolina, the causal agent of root rot of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.).”
Claim · model-written summary
MDU produced a 16 inhibition zone.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- MDUe0
- Interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae1pathogen
- Second interactor
- Streptomyces sp.Streptomyces sp.e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- inhibition zonese0
- Value
- 16e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The strains CBE, MDU, SA and ANR recorded inhibition zones of 18, 16, 13 and 11 mm, respectively.”
e1“Five strains of Streptomyces sp. were evaluated in vitro for their ability of inhibiting the mycelial growth of Macrophomina phaseolina, the causal agent of root rot of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.).”
Claim · model-written summary
SA produced a 13 inhibition zone.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- SAe0
- Interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae1pathogen
- Second interactor
- Streptomyces sp.Streptomyces sp.e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- inhibition zonese0
- Value
- 13e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The strains CBE, MDU, SA and ANR recorded inhibition zones of 18, 16, 13 and 11 mm, respectively.”
e1“Five strains of Streptomyces sp. were evaluated in vitro for their ability of inhibiting the mycelial growth of Macrophomina phaseolina, the causal agent of root rot of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.).”
Claim · model-written summary
ANR produced a 11 mm inhibition zone.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- ANRe0
- Interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae1pathogen
- Second interactor
- Streptomyces sp.Streptomyces sp.e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- inhibition zonese0
- Value
- 11 mme0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The strains CBE, MDU, SA and ANR recorded inhibition zones of 18, 16, 13 and 11 mm, respectively.”
e1“Five strains of Streptomyces sp. were evaluated in vitro for their ability of inhibiting the mycelial growth of Macrophomina phaseolina, the causal agent of root rot of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.).”
Claim · model-written summary
CBE increased seedling shoot length, root length and vigour.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- CBEe0
- Interactor
- Streptomyces sp.Streptomyces sp.e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- shoot length, root length and seedling vigoure0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CBE and PDK recorded the maximum increase in shoot length, root length and seedling vigour compared with control, followed by MDU.”
e1“These Streptomyces sp. strains were tested for their growth-promoting efficiency on mung bean seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
PDK increased seedling shoot length, root length and vigour.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- PDKe0
- Interactor
- Streptomyces sp.Streptomyces sp.e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- shoot length, root length and seedling vigoure0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CBE and PDK recorded the maximum increase in shoot length, root length and seedling vigour compared with control, followed by MDU.”
e1“These Streptomyces sp. strains were tested for their growth-promoting efficiency on mung bean seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
MDU increased seedling shoot length, root length and vigour.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- MDUe0
- Interactor
- Streptomyces sp.Streptomyces sp.e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- shoot length, root length and seedling vigoure0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CBE and PDK recorded the maximum increase in shoot length, root length and seedling vigour compared with control, followed by MDU.”
e1“These Streptomyces sp. strains were tested for their growth-promoting efficiency on mung bean seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
Streptomyces seed or soil treatment controlled root rot.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- Seed treatment or soil application with powder formulation of Streptomyces sp. strains CBE, MDU and PDKe0
- Interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae1pathogen
- Second interactor
- Streptomyces sp.Streptomyces sp.e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- root rot diseasee0
- Direction
- controllinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed treatment or soil application with powder formulation of Streptomyces sp. strains CBE, MDU and PDK was effective in controlling root rot disease; but, combined application through seed and soil increased the efficacy in both the greenhouse and field trials.”
e1“Macrophomina phaseolina, the causal agent of root rot of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined seed and soil application increased root rot control efficacy.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- combined application through seed and soile0
- Interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae1pathogen
- Second interactor
- Streptomyces sp.Streptomyces sp.e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- efficacye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- Seed treatment or soil applicatione0
- Setting
- greenhouse and field trialse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed treatment or soil application with powder formulation of Streptomyces sp. strains CBE, MDU and PDK was effective in controlling root rot disease; but, combined application through seed and soil increased the efficacy in both the greenhouse and field trials.”
e1“Macrophomina phaseolina, the causal agent of root rot of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
CBE seed plus soil application reduced root rot incidence to 4.0%.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- seed treatment plus soil application with powder formulation of Streptomyces sp. strain CBEe0
- Interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae1pathogen
- Second interactor
- Streptomyces sp. strain CBEStreptomyces sp.e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- root rot incidencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 4.0%e0
- Qualifier
- 26.8%e0
- Comparator
- non-bacterised seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed treatment plus soil application with powder formulation of Streptomyces sp. strain CBE proved to be most effective, which reduced the root rot incidence from 26.8% (with non-bacterised seeds) to 4.0% in Trial I and from 32.0 to 4.9% in Trial II.”
e1“Macrophomina phaseolina, the causal agent of root rot of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
CBE seed plus soil application reduced root rot incidence to 4.9%.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- seed treatment plus soil application with powder formulation of Streptomyces sp. strain CBEe0
- Interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae1pathogen
- Second interactor
- Streptomyces sp. strain CBEStreptomyces sp.e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- root rot incidencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 4.9%e0
- Qualifier
- 32.0e0
- Comparator
- non-bacterised seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed treatment plus soil application with powder formulation of Streptomyces sp. strain CBE proved to be most effective, which reduced the root rot incidence from 26.8% (with non-bacterised seeds) to 4.0% in Trial I and from 32.0 to 4.9% in Trial II.”
e1“Macrophomina phaseolina, the causal agent of root rot of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
CBE combined treatment increased yield by 78.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- seed treatment plus soil application with powder formulation of Streptomyces sp. strain CBEe1
- Interactor
- Streptomyces sp. strain CBEStreptomyces sp.e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 78e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The above treatment recorded the highest yield in both the field trials, and the yield increase was 78 and 74% over control in Trial I and Trial II, respectively.”
e1“seed treatment plus soil application with powder formulation of Streptomyces sp. strain CBE proved to be most effective, which reduced the root rot incidence”
t0“mung bean”
Claim · model-written summary
CBE combined treatment increased yield by 74%.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- seed treatment plus soil application with powder formulation of Streptomyces sp. strain CBEe1
- Interactor
- Streptomyces sp. strain CBEStreptomyces sp.e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 74%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The above treatment recorded the highest yield in both the field trials, and the yield increase was 78 and 74% over control in Trial I and Trial II, respectively.”
e1“seed treatment plus soil application with powder formulation of Streptomyces sp. strain CBE proved to be most effective, which reduced the root rot incidence”
t0“mung bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Streptomyces application induced peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- seed treatment plus soil applicatione0
- Interactor
- Streptomyces sp.Streptomyces sp.e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- activities of peroxidase (PO-1 and PO-2) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO-2 and PPO-3)e0
- Direction
- inducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed treatment plus soil application strongly induce the activities of peroxidase (PO-1 and PO-2) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO-2 and PPO-3) in mung bean.”
e1“Streptomyces sp.-treated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
MDU-treated plants had higher PO and PPO activity.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- Streptomyces sp. strain MDUe0
- Interactor
- Streptomyces sp. strain MDUStreptomyces sp.e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- activities of PO and PPOe0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Streptomyces sp. strain MDU- treated plants showed higher levels of activities of PO and PPO.”
e1“root rot of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Direct pathogen inhibition and induced resistance may explain Streptomyces root rot control.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae0
- Interactor
- Streptomyces sp.Streptomyces sp.e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- control of root rote0
- Qualifier
- direct inhibition of pathogen and induced resistancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both the direct inhibition of pathogen and induced resistance might be involved in the control of root rot of mung bean by Streptomyces sp.”
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