Abstract
Although the Arabidopsis thaliana genome contains genes encoding 20 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and 10 MAPK kinases (MAPKKs), most of them are still functionally uncharacterized. In this work, we analyzed the function of the group B MAPK kinase, MKK3. Transgenic ProMKK3:GUS lines showed basal expression in vascular tissues that was strongly induced by Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato strain DC3000 (Pst DC3000) infection but not by abiotic stresses. The growth of virulent Pst DC3000 was increased in mkk3 knockout plants and decreased in MKK3-overexpressing plants. Moreover, MKK3 overexpression lines showed increased expression of several PR genes. By yeast two-hybrid analysis, coimmunoprecipitation, and protein kinase assays, MKK3 was revealed to be an upstream activator of the group C MAPKs MPK1, MPK2, MPK7, and MPK14. Flagellin-derived flg22 peptide strongly activated MPK6 but resulted in poor activation of MPK7. By contrast, MPK6 and MPK7 were both activated by H(2)O(2), but only MPK7 activation was enhanced by MKK3. In agreement with the notion that MKK3 regulates the expression of PR genes, ProPR1:GUS expression was strongly enhanced by coexpression of MKK3-MPK7. Our results reveal that the MKK3 pathway plays a role in pathogen defense and further underscore the importance and complexity of MAPK signaling in plant stress responses.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Pst DC3000 infection strongly induced ProMKK3:GUS expression in vascular tissues.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Organ / stage
- vascular tissuese0
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato strain DC3000 (Pst DC3000) infectione0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato strain DC3000
Pseudomonas syringaee0pathogen - Gene
- ProMKK3:GUSe0
- Outcome
- expression in vascular tissuese0
- Direction
- strongly inducede0
- Comparator
- basal expressione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transgenic ProMKK3:GUS lines showed basal expression in vascular tissues that was strongly induced by Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato strain DC3000 (Pst DC3000) infection but not by abiotic stresses”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Abiotic stress did not induce ProMKK3:GUS expression.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- abiotic stressese0
- Gene
- ProMKK3:GUSe0
- Outcome
- expression in vascular tissuese0
- Direction
- but not by abiotic stressese0
- Comparator
- basal expressione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transgenic ProMKK3:GUS lines showed basal expression in vascular tissues that was strongly induced by Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato strain DC3000 (Pst DC3000) infection but not by abiotic stresses”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Virulent Pst DC3000 growth increased in mkk3 knockout plants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- mkk3 knockout plantse0
- Interactor
- Pst DC3000e0pathogen
- Gene
- mkk3e0
- Outcome
- growth of virulent Pst DC3000e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of virulent Pst DC3000 was increased in mkk3 knockout plants and decreased in MKK3-overexpressing plants”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Virulent Pst DC3000 growth decreased in MKK3-overexpressing plants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- MKK3-overexpressing plantse0
- Interactor
- Pst DC3000e0pathogen
- Gene
- MKK3e0
- Outcome
- growth of virulent Pst DC3000e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of virulent Pst DC3000 was increased in mkk3 knockout plants and decreased in MKK3-overexpressing plants”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
MKK3 overexpression increased expression of several PR genes.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- MKK3 overexpressione0
- Gene
- MKK3e0
- Outcome
- expression of several PR genese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MKK3 overexpression lines showed increased expression of several PR genes”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
MKK3 activated the group C MAPKs MPK1, MPK2, MPK7 and MPK14.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- MKK3e0
- Outcome
- upstream activator of the group C MAPKs MPK1, MPK2, MPK7, and MPK14e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MKK3 was revealed to be an upstream activator of the group C MAPKs MPK1, MPK2, MPK7, and MPK14”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Flagellin-derived flg22 strongly activated MPK6.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- Flagellin-derived flg22 peptidee0
- Gene
- MPK6e0
- Outcome
- activated MPK6e0
- Direction
- strongly activatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flagellin-derived flg22 peptide strongly activated MPK6 but resulted in poor activation of MPK7”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Flagellin-derived flg22 poorly activated MPK7.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- Flagellin-derived flg22 peptidee0
- Gene
- MPK7e0
- Outcome
- poor activation of MPK7e0
- Direction
- poor activatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flagellin-derived flg22 peptide strongly activated MPK6 but resulted in poor activation of MPK7”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
H(2)O(2) activated MPK6 and MPK7.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- H(2)O(2)e0
- Gene
- MPK6 and MPK7e0
- Outcome
- MPK6 and MPK7 were both activatede0
- Direction
- activatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MPK6 and MPK7 were both activated by H(2)O(2)”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
MKK3 enhanced H(2)O(2)-induced MPK7 activation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- MPK7e0
- Outcome
- MPK7 activatione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- by MKK3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only MPK7 activation was enhanced by MKK3”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
MKK3-MPK7 coexpression strongly enhanced ProPR1:GUS expression.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- coexpression of MKK3-MPK7e0
- Gene
- ProPR1:GUSe0
- Outcome
- ProPR1:GUS expressione0
- Direction
- strongly enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ProPR1:GUS expression was strongly enhanced by coexpression of MKK3-MPK7”
t0“Arabidopsis”
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See all 28 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.