Abstract
Greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate pumpkin cultivar injury and control of three grass species from tank-mixtures of halosulfuron with either clethodim or sethoxydim in combination with nonionic surfactant (NIS), crop-oil concentrate (COC), methylated seed oil (MSO), and high-surfactant oil concentrate (HSOC). Pumpkin injury, in the form of chlorosis and visual growth reduction, was 13 to 21% by 7 d after treatment (DAT) for all pumpkin cultivars. The specific adjuvant used with halosulfuron did not influence pumpkin injury or final plant dry weight. Pumpkin growth reduction at 21 DAT from halosulfuron was less than 9% for all pumpkin cultivars with the least growth reduction (5% or less) observed with Cucurbita pepo ‘Howden’, C. pepo ‘Appalachian’, and Cucurbita moschata ‘Libby's Select’. The efficacy of sethoxydim or clethodim on large crabgrass was antagonized by the addition of halosulfuron with NIS or COC. However, only combinations of sethoxydim and halosulfuron with COC or MSO were antagonistic on smooth crabgrass. Giant foxtail dry weight reduction was decreased 4 to 24% by the addition of halosulfuron to sethoxydim with NIS and clethodim regardless of adjuvant. Although the frequency and magnitude of grass antagonism was variable, the use of clethodim and MSO with halosulfuron most often provided the greatest level of grass control compared with sethoxydim or other adjuvants.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Pumpkin cultivars showed 13 to 21% injury at 7 DAT.
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Pumpkin injury, in the form of chlorosis and visual growth reduction, was 13 to 21% by 7 d after treatment (DAT) for all pumpkin cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Adjuvant choice did not affect pumpkin injury or final dry weight.
- Taxon
- pumpkine0
- Treatment
- adjuvant used with halosulfurone0
- Outcome
- pumpkin injury or final plant dry weighte0
- Direction
- did not influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The specific adjuvant used with halosulfuron did not influence pumpkin injury or final plant dry weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Halosulfuron caused less than 9% pumpkin growth reduction at 21 DAT.
- Taxon
- Pumpkine0
- Treatment
- halosulfurone0
- Outcome
- growth reductione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- less than 9%e0
- Qualifier
- 21 DATe0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Pumpkin growth reduction at 21 DAT from halosulfuron was less than 9% for all pumpkin cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
The named cultivars had the least growth reduction, at 5% or less.
- Taxon
- Cucurbita pepo
Cucurbita pepoe0 - Outcome
- growth reductione0
- Direction
- leaste0
- Value
- 5% or lesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“least growth reduction (5% or less) observed with Cucurbita pepo ‘Howden’, C. pepo ‘Appalachian’, and Cucurbita moschata ‘Libby's Select’”
Claim · model-written summary
Halosulfuron with NIS or COC antagonized sethoxydim or clethodim control of large crabgrass.
- Treatment
- addition of halosulfuron with NIS or COCe0
- Interactor
- large crabgrasse0weed
- Outcome
- efficacy of sethoxydim or clethodim on large crabgrasse0
- Direction
- antagonizede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The efficacy of sethoxydim or clethodim on large crabgrass was antagonized by the addition of halosulfuron with NIS or COC”
Claim · model-written summary
Sethoxydim and halosulfuron with COC or MSO antagonized control of smooth crabgrass.
- Treatment
- combinations of sethoxydim and halosulfuron with COC or MSOe0
- Interactor
- smooth crabgrass
.jpg?width=60)
Digitaria ischaemume0weed - Outcome
- smooth crabgrasse0
- Direction
- antagonistice0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“only combinations of sethoxydim and halosulfuron with COC or MSO were antagonistic on smooth crabgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Halosulfuron reduced giant foxtail dry weight reduction by 4 to 24% with the specified combinations.
- Treatment
- addition of halosulfuron to sethoxydim with NIS and clethodim regardless of adjuvante0
- Interactor
- Giant foxtaile0weed
- Outcome
- Giant foxtail dry weight reductione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 4 to 24%e0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Giant foxtail dry weight reduction was decreased 4 to 24% by the addition of halosulfuron to sethoxydim with NIS and clethodim regardless of adjuvant”
Claim · model-written summary
Clethodim and MSO with halosulfuron most often gave greatest grass control.
- Treatment
- clethodim and MSO with halosulfurone0
- Outcome
- grass controle0
- Direction
- greateste0
- Comparator
- sethoxydim or other adjuvantse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the use of clethodim and MSO with halosulfuron most often provided the greatest level of grass control compared with sethoxydim or other adjuvants”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.