Abstract
Abstract Nutsedge species are problematic in plastic-mulched vegetable production because of the weed’s rapid reproduction and ability to penetrate the mulch. Vegetable growers rely heavily on halosulfuron to manage nutsedge species; however, the herbicide cannot be applied over mulch before vegetable transplanting due to potential crop injury. This can be problematic when multiple crops are produced on a single mulch installation. Field experiments were conducted to determine the response of broccoli, cabbage, squash, and watermelon to halosulfuron applied on top of mulch prior to transplanting. Halosulfuron at 80 g ai ha −1 was applied 21, 14, 7, and 1 d before planting (DBP), and 160 g ai ha −1 was applied 21 DBP. In all experiments, extending the interval between halosulfuron application and planting reduced crop injury. For squash and watermelon, visual injury, plant diameters/vine runner lengths, marketable fruit weights, and postharvest plant biomass resulted in similar values when applying 80 g ha −1 21 DBP and with the nontreated weed-free control. Reducing this interval increased injury for both crops. Visual crop injury and yield reductions up to 40% occurred, with halosulfuron applied 14, 7, or 1 DBP in squash and 1 DBP in watermelon. Broccoli and cabbage showed greater sensitivity, with injury and plant diameter reductions greater than 15%, even with halosulfuron applied at 80 g ha −1 21 DBP. Experimental results confirm that halosulfuron binds to plastic mulch, remains active, and is slowly released from the mulch over a substantial period, during rainfall or overhead irrigation events. Extending the plant-back interval to at least 21 d before transplanting did overcome squash and watermelon injury concerns with halosulfuron at 80 g ha −1 , but not broccoli and cabbage. Applying halosulfuron over mulch to control emerged nutsedge before planting squash and watermelon would be beneficial if adequate rainfall or irrigation and appropriate intervals between application and planting are implemented.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Longer intervals reduced broccoli injury.
- Taxon
- Broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. italicat0 - Treatment
- halosulfurone0
- Outcome
- crop injurye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Broccoli, cabbage, squash and watermelon”
e0“In all experiments, extending the interval between halosulfuron application and planting reduced crop injury.”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer intervals reduced cabbage injury.
- Taxon
- cabbage
Brassica oleracea var. capitatat0 - Treatment
- halosulfurone0
- Outcome
- crop injurye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Broccoli, cabbage, squash and watermelon”
e0“In all experiments, extending the interval between halosulfuron application and planting reduced crop injury.”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer intervals reduced squash injury.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Broccoli, cabbage, squash and watermelon”
e0“In all experiments, extending the interval between halosulfuron application and planting reduced crop injury.”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer intervals reduced watermelon injury.
- Taxon
- watermelon
Citrullus lanatust0 - Treatment
- halosulfurone0
- Outcome
- crop injurye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Broccoli, cabbage, squash and watermelon”
e0“In all experiments, extending the interval between halosulfuron application and planting reduced crop injury.”
Claim · model-written summary
Squash at 80 g ha −1 21 DBP had injury, growth, fruit weight and biomass similar to untreated weed-free control.
Verbatim
t0“Broccoli, cabbage, squash and watermelon”
e0“For squash and watermelon, visual injury, plant diameters/vine runner lengths, marketable fruit weights, and postharvest plant biomass resulted in similar values when applying 80 g ha −1 21 DBP and with the nontreated weed-free control”
Claim · model-written summary
Watermelon at 80 g ha −1 21 DBP had injury, growth, fruit weight and biomass similar to untreated weed-free control.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- 80 g ha −1 21 DBPe0
- Outcome
- visual injury, plant diameters/vine runner lengths, marketable fruit weights, and postharvest plant biomasse0
- Direction
- similar valuese0
- Comparator
- nontreated weed-free controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Broccoli, cabbage, squash and watermelon”
e0“For squash and watermelon, visual injury, plant diameters/vine runner lengths, marketable fruit weights, and postharvest plant biomass resulted in similar values when applying 80 g ha −1 21 DBP and with the nontreated weed-free control”
Claim · model-written summary
Shorter intervals increased squash injury.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Broccoli, cabbage, squash and watermelon”
e0“In all experiments, extending the interval between halosulfuron application and planting reduced crop injury. For squash and watermelon, visual injury, plant diameters/vine runner lengths, marketable fruit weights, and postharvest plant biomass resulted in similar values when applying 80 g ha −1 21 DBP and with the nontreated weed-free control. Reducing this interval increased injury for both crops.”
Claim · model-written summary
Shorter intervals increased watermelon injury.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- halosulfurone0
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Broccoli, cabbage, squash and watermelon”
e0“In all experiments, extending the interval between halosulfuron application and planting reduced crop injury. For squash and watermelon, visual injury, plant diameters/vine runner lengths, marketable fruit weights, and postharvest plant biomass resulted in similar values when applying 80 g ha −1 21 DBP and with the nontreated weed-free control. Reducing this interval increased injury for both crops.”
Claim · model-written summary
Squash injury and yield reductions reached up to 40% with application at 14, 7 or 1 DBP.
- Taxon
- squashe0
- Treatment
- halosulfuron applied 14, 7, or 1 DBPe0
- Outcome
- crop injury and yielde0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- up to 40%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Broccoli, cabbage, squash and watermelon”
e0“Visual crop injury and yield reductions up to 40% occurred, with halosulfuron applied 14, 7, or 1 DBP in squash”
Claim · model-written summary
Watermelon injury and yield reductions reached up to 40% with application at 1 DBP.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- halosulfuron applied 14, 7, or 1 DBP in squash and 1 DBP in watermelone0
- Outcome
- crop injury and yielde0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- up to 40%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Broccoli, cabbage, squash and watermelon”
e0“Visual crop injury and yield reductions up to 40% occurred, with halosulfuron applied 14, 7, or 1 DBP in squash and 1 DBP in watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Broccoli injury and plant diameter fell more than 15% even at 80 g ha −1 21 DBP.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Treatment
- halosulfuron applied at 80 g ha −1 21 DBPe0
- Outcome
- injury and plant diametere0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- greater than 15%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Broccoli, cabbage, squash and watermelon”
e0“Broccoli and cabbage showed greater sensitivity, with injury and plant diameter reductions greater than 15%, even with halosulfuron applied at 80 g ha −1 21 DBP”
Claim · model-written summary
Cabbage injury and plant diameter fell more than 15% even at 80 g ha −1 21 DBP.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Treatment
- halosulfuron applied at 80 g ha −1 21 DBPe0
- Outcome
- injury and plant diametere0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- greater than 15%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Broccoli, cabbage, squash and watermelon”
e0“Broccoli and cabbage showed greater sensitivity, with injury and plant diameter reductions greater than 15%, even with halosulfuron applied at 80 g ha −1 21 DBP”
Claim · model-written summary
Halosulfuron remained active on mulch and was slowly released during rain or irrigation.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“halosulfuron binds to plastic mulch, remains active, and is slowly released from the mulch over a substantial period, during rainfall or overhead irrigation events”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend halosulfuron over mulch before squash planting with sufficient rain or irrigation and planting interval.
Verbatim
t0“Broccoli, cabbage, squash and watermelon”
e0“Applying halosulfuron over mulch to control emerged nutsedge before planting squash and watermelon would be beneficial if adequate rainfall or irrigation and appropriate intervals between application and planting are implemented”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend halosulfuron over mulch before watermelon planting with sufficient rain or irrigation and planting interval.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Interactor
- nutsedgee0weed
- Outcome
- Applying halosulfuron over mulch to control emerged nutsedge before planting squash and watermelone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Broccoli, cabbage, squash and watermelon”
e0“Applying halosulfuron over mulch to control emerged nutsedge before planting squash and watermelon would be beneficial if adequate rainfall or irrigation and appropriate intervals between application and planting are implemented”
The same questions in other papers
Halosulfuron-methyl · crop injury · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
Halosulfuron-methyl · crop injury · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Halosulfuron-methyl · crop injury · Cucurbita (pumpkins)Positive and negative results
7 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.