Abstract
The effect of high power microwave (HPM) irradiation on seed germination and seedlings was evaluated. Vegetable seeds were subjected to HPM irradiation. The main focus was on the thermal heating elimination during seeds irradiation. For that reason short high frequency microwave pulses were used. The study object was seeds of different harvest years (2000, 2003 and 2008) of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) variety 'Babt ara', tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) variety 'Viltis', carrot (Daucus sativus Rohl.) variety 'Vaiguva' and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) variety 'Red Cherry' (seeds harvested in 1980). In the first experiment, all seeds were exposed to microwaves at 9.3 GHz frequency for 10 min. In the second experiment, carrots 'Vaiguva' seeds (11 years-old) were exposed to microwaves at 9.3 GHz frequency for 5 and 20 min and exposed to 2.6 and 5.7 GHz microwaves for 10 min. To establish microwave effect on seedling growth rate, tomato, carrot and radish seeds harvested in 2008 were exposed to microwaves at 9.3 GHz frequency for 10 min. It was established that 11 year-old radish seeds exposed to 9.3 GHz microwaves had higher germination as compared with non-irradiated seeds. HPM increased radish germination energy by 6% in seeds harvested in 2003. HPM exposure significantly increased the germination energy and germination of 8 year-old carrot seeds. The highest carrot seed germination was established at 9.3 GHz microwave frequency under 5 min exposure. Seed exposure to HPM (9.3 GHz) had a significant positive effect on dry weight of tomato seedling shoots and on tomato and radish seedling height, but it had negative influence on carrot seedling height. Seed irradiation with HPM (9.3 GHz) had a significant positive effect on the amount of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophylls a + b and carotenoids in tomato seedlings' fresh mass, but the opposite effect was determined in carrot seedlings' fresh mass.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Microwave exposure increased germination of 11 year old radish seeds versus unirradiated seeds.
- Taxon
- radish
Raphanus sativuse0 - Material
- 11 year-old radish seedse0
- Treatment
- 9.3 GHz microwavese0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- non-irradiated seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It was established that 11 year-old radish seeds exposed to 9.3 GHz microwaves had higher germination as compared with non-irradiated seeds.”
Claim · model-written summary
HPM increased germination energy by 6% in radish seeds harvested in 2003.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- HPMe0
- Outcome
- germination energye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 6%e0
- Qualifier
- seeds harvested in 2003e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HPM increased radish germination energy by 6% in seeds harvested in 2003.”
Claim · model-written summary
HPM significantly increased germination energy in 8 year old carrot seeds.
- Taxon
- carrot
Daucus carotae0 - Material
- 8 year-old carrot seedse0
- Treatment
- HPM exposuree0
- Outcome
- germination energye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HPM exposure significantly increased the germination energy and germination of 8 year-old carrot seeds.”
Claim · model-written summary
HPM significantly increased germination in 8 year old carrot seeds.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotae0
- Material
- 8 year-old carrot seedse0
- Treatment
- HPM exposuree0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HPM exposure significantly increased the germination energy and germination of 8 year-old carrot seeds.”
Claim · model-written summary
Carrot seed germination was highest with 9.3 GHz microwave exposure for 5 minutes.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotae0
- Treatment
- 9.3 GHz microwave frequency under 5 min exposuree0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest carrot seed germination was established at 9.3 GHz microwave frequency under 5 min exposure.”
Claim · model-written summary
9.3 GHz HPM increased tomato seedling shoot dry weight significantly.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- HPM (9.3 GHz)e0
- Outcome
- dry weight of tomato seedling shootse0
- Direction
- positive effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed exposure to HPM (9.3 GHz) had a significant positive effect on dry weight of tomato seedling shoots and on tomato and radish seedling height, but it had negative influence on carrot seedling height.”
Claim · model-written summary
9.3 GHz HPM increased tomato seedling height significantly.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- HPM (9.3 GHz)e0
- Outcome
- tomato and radish seedling heighte0
- Direction
- positive effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed exposure to HPM (9.3 GHz) had a significant positive effect on dry weight of tomato seedling shoots and on tomato and radish seedling height, but it had negative influence on carrot seedling height.”
Claim · model-written summary
9.3 GHz HPM increased radish seedling height significantly.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- HPM (9.3 GHz)e0
- Outcome
- tomato and radish seedling heighte0
- Direction
- positive effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed exposure to HPM (9.3 GHz) had a significant positive effect on dry weight of tomato seedling shoots and on tomato and radish seedling height, but it had negative influence on carrot seedling height.”
Claim · model-written summary
9.3 GHz HPM negatively influenced carrot seedling height.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotae0
- Treatment
- HPM (9.3 GHz)e0
- Outcome
- carrot seedling heighte0
- Direction
- negative influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed exposure to HPM (9.3 GHz) had a significant positive effect on dry weight of tomato seedling shoots and on tomato and radish seedling height, but it had negative influence on carrot seedling height.”
Claim · model-written summary
9.3 GHz HPM increased chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll in tomato seedling fresh mass.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- HPM (9.3 GHz)e0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophylls a + be0
- Direction
- positive effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed irradiation with HPM (9.3 GHz) had a significant positive effect on the amount of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophylls a + b and carotenoids in tomato seedlings' fresh mass, but the opposite effect was determined in carrot seedlings' fresh mass.”
Claim · model-written summary
9.3 GHz HPM increased carotenoids in tomato seedling fresh mass.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- HPM (9.3 GHz)e0
- Outcome
- carotenoids in tomato seedlingse0
- Direction
- positive effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed irradiation with HPM (9.3 GHz) had a significant positive effect on the amount of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophylls a + b and carotenoids in tomato seedlings' fresh mass, but the opposite effect was determined in carrot seedlings' fresh mass.”
Claim · model-written summary
9.3 GHz HPM had the opposite, negative effect on chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll in carrot seedlings.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotae0
- Treatment
- HPM (9.3 GHz)e0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophylls a + be0
- Direction
- opposite effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed irradiation with HPM (9.3 GHz) had a significant positive effect on the amount of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophylls a + b and carotenoids in tomato seedlings' fresh mass, but the opposite effect was determined in carrot seedlings' fresh mass.”
Claim · model-written summary
9.3 GHz HPM had the opposite, negative effect on carotenoids in carrot seedlings.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotae0
- Treatment
- HPM (9.3 GHz)e0
- Outcome
- carotenoidse0
- Direction
- opposite effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed irradiation with HPM (9.3 GHz) had a significant positive effect on the amount of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophylls a + b and carotenoids in tomato seedlings' fresh mass, but the opposite effect was determined in carrot seedlings' fresh mass.”
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See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.