Abstract
The response of fruiting or deblossomed trees to water stress such as drought or flooding was investigated in six semi open-top cuvettes each containing one apple (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Golden Delicious) tree. Xylem water potentials of leaves dropped from -1.2 to -4.1 MPa within 7 d of drought, the effect being enhanced by fruiting. Apple trees without fruits showed smaller reductions in net photosynthetic rate (P N ) and dark respiration rate (R D ) after 2 d of drought and hence more positive carbon balances relative to fruiting trees. Flooding for 4 d had a more pronounced effect on P N than on transpiration, resulting in a reduced water use efficiency (WUE). This reduction in WUE was greater in the non-fruiting trees. Flooding reduced P N of the whole apple canopies irrespective of fruiting; aple trees without fruits increased R D resulting in a less positive carbon balance relative to fruiting trees. Fruiting increased the sensitivity to drought of apple trees (R D and P N ), but decreased their sensitivity to flooding (R D and WUE), suggesting different adaptation mechanisms for the two forms of water stress.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Drought lowered leaf xylem water potential of apple trees from -1.2 to -4.1 MPa within 7 d, an effect enhanced by fruiting.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica
Malus domesticae1 - Material
- Golden Deliciouse1
- Organ / stage
- leavese2
- Treatment
- droughte2
- Outcome
- Xylem water potentiale2
- Direction
- droppede2
- Value
- -1.2 to -4.1 MPae2
- Qualifier
- within 7 de2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“each containing one apple (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Golden Delicious) tree”
e2“Xylem water potentials of leaves dropped from -1.2 to -4.1 MPa within 7 d of drought, the effect being enhanced by fruiting”
Claim · model-written summary
Apple trees without fruits had smaller reductions in net photosynthetic rate and dark respiration rate after 2 d of drought than fruiting trees.
- Taxon
- Apple treesMalus domesticae3
- Treatment
- droughte3
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate (P N ) and dark respiration rate (R D )e3
- Direction
- smaller reductionse3
- Comparator
- fruiting treese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Apple trees without fruits showed smaller reductions in net photosynthetic rate (P N ) and dark respiration rate (R D ) after 2 d of drought and hence more positive carbon balances relative to fruiting trees”
Claim · model-written summary
After 2 d of drought, non-fruiting apple trees had a more positive carbon balance than fruiting trees.
- Taxon
- Apple treesMalus domesticae3
- Treatment
- droughte3
- Outcome
- carbon balancee3
- Direction
- more positivee3
- Comparator
- fruiting treese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Apple trees without fruits showed smaller reductions in net photosynthetic rate (P N ) and dark respiration rate (R D ) after 2 d of drought and hence more positive carbon balances relative to fruiting trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Flooding for 4 d had a more pronounced effect on net photosynthetic rate than on transpiration, reducing water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Flooding for 4 de4
- Outcome
- water use efficiency (WUE)e4
- Direction
- reducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“each containing one apple (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Golden Delicious) tree”
e4“Flooding for 4 d had a more pronounced effect on P N than on transpiration, resulting in a reduced water use efficiency (WUE)”
Claim · model-written summary
Flooding reduced net photosynthetic rate of whole apple canopies irrespective of fruiting.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae5
- Treatment
- Floodinge5
- Outcome
- P N of the whole apple canopiese5
- Direction
- reducede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Flooding reduced P N of the whole apple canopies irrespective of fruiting”
Claim · model-written summary
Under flooding, non-fruiting apple trees increased dark respiration rate relative to fruiting trees.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae5
- Treatment
- Floodinge5
- Outcome
- R De6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Comparator
- fruiting treese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Flooding reduced P N of the whole apple canopies irrespective of fruiting”
e6“aple trees without fruits increased R D resulting in a less positive carbon balance relative to fruiting trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Under flooding, non-fruiting apple trees had a less positive carbon balance than fruiting trees.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae5
- Treatment
- Floodinge5
- Outcome
- carbon balancee6
- Direction
- less positivee6
- Comparator
- fruiting treese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Flooding reduced P N of the whole apple canopies irrespective of fruiting”
e6“aple trees without fruits increased R D resulting in a less positive carbon balance relative to fruiting trees”
Claim · model-written summary
The reduction in water use efficiency under flooding was greater in non-fruiting apple trees.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Flooding for 4 de4
- Outcome
- reduction in WUEe2
- Direction
- greatere2
- Comparator
- non-fruiting treese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“each containing one apple (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Golden Delicious) tree”
e4“Flooding for 4 d had a more pronounced effect on P N than on transpiration, resulting in a reduced water use efficiency (WUE)”
e2“This reduction in WUE was greater in the non-fruiting trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruiting increased the sensitivity of apple trees to drought (dark respiration rate and net photosynthetic rate).
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Fruitinge1
- Outcome
- sensitivity to droughte1
- Direction
- increasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Fruiting increased the sensitivity to drought of apple trees (R D and P N ), but decreased their sensitivity to flooding (R D and WUE)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruiting decreased the sensitivity of apple trees to flooding (dark respiration rate and water use efficiency).
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Fruitinge1
- Outcome
- sensitivity to floodinge1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Fruiting increased the sensitivity to drought of apple trees (R D and P N ), but decreased their sensitivity to flooding (R D and WUE)”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.