Abstract
Brief periods of hypoxia at ambient temperatures (20 °C) have potential for disinfestation treatments or as pre-treatments to maintain fruit quality during extended storage. Nine cultivars of apple (Cox's Orange Pippin, Fuji, Golden Delicious, Granny Smith, Pacific Rose, Red Delicious, Royal Gala, Splendour and Southern Snap) were exposed to hypoxia using an atmosphere of 100% carbon dioxide for 24 h at 20 °C. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of volatile compounds were undertaken after removal of fruits from a high-carbon-dioxide atmosphere and during 1 week at 20 °C. Concentrations of acetaldehdye, ethanol, ethyl acetate and ethyl esters were consistently enhanced by hypoxia, while concentrations of acetate esters and aldehydes were depressed. Cultivars varied considerably in response to high carbon dioxide, with Cox's Orange Pippin and Golden Delicious having the least and Fuji and Red Delicious the greatest enhancement in ethyl esters. Fruits exposed to hypoxia had larger odour unit scores than control fruits, suggesting that such changes in volatile concentration may affect aroma and/or flavour. Enhanced ethyl ester concentrations in fruits exposed to hypoxia may be due to increases in ethanol concentration that competitively inhibit formation of non-ethyl esters. There may also have been a change in ester-forming enzyme activity and/or substrate specificity of the volatile biosynthetic pathway. This study has shown that short-term exposure to hypoxia has the potential to change the aroma/flavour of apples. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Hypoxia enhanced acetaldehdye, ethanol and ethyl acetate concentrations.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- hypoxiae0
- Outcome
- Concentrations of acetaldehdye, ethanol, ethyl acetatee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concentrations of acetaldehdye, ethanol, ethyl acetate and ethyl esters were consistently enhanced by hypoxia”
t0“apple cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Hypoxia enhanced ethyl ester concentrations.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- hypoxiae0
- Outcome
- ethyl esterse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concentrations of acetaldehdye, ethanol, ethyl acetate and ethyl esters were consistently enhanced by hypoxia”
t0“apple cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Hypoxia depressed acetate ester and aldehyde concentrations.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- hypoxiae1
- Outcome
- concentrations of acetate esters and aldehydese0
- Direction
- depressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“concentrations of acetate esters and aldehydes were depressed”
e1“enhanced by hypoxia”
t0“apple cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Cox’s Orange Pippin showed among the least ethyl ester enhancement.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Cox's Orange Pippine0
- Outcome
- enhancement in ethyl esterse0
- Direction
- leaste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cox's Orange Pippin and Golden Delicious having the least and Fuji and Red Delicious the greatest enhancement in ethyl esters”
t0“apple cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Golden Delicious showed among the least ethyl ester enhancement.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Golden Deliciouse0
- Outcome
- enhancement in ethyl esterse0
- Direction
- leaste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cox's Orange Pippin and Golden Delicious having the least and Fuji and Red Delicious the greatest enhancement in ethyl esters”
t0“apple cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Fuji showed among the greatest ethyl ester enhancement.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Fujie0
- Outcome
- enhancement in ethyl esterse0
- Direction
- greateste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cox's Orange Pippin and Golden Delicious having the least and Fuji and Red Delicious the greatest enhancement in ethyl esters”
t0“apple cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Red Delicious showed among the greatest ethyl ester enhancement.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Red Deliciouse0
- Outcome
- enhancement in ethyl esterse0
- Direction
- greateste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cox's Orange Pippin and Golden Delicious having the least and Fuji and Red Delicious the greatest enhancement in ethyl esters”
t0“apple cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Hypoxia-exposed fruits had larger odour unit scores than controls.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- hypoxiae0
- Outcome
- odour unit scorese0
- Direction
- largere0
- Comparator
- control fruitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruits exposed to hypoxia had larger odour unit scores than control fruits”
t0“apple cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased ethanol may competitively inhibit non-ethyl ester formation and explain increased ethyl esters.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Compound
- ethanole0
- Outcome
- Enhanced ethyl ester concentrationse0
- Qualifier
- competitively inhibit formation of non-ethyl esterse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Enhanced ethyl ester concentrations in fruits exposed to hypoxia may be due to increases in ethanol concentration that competitively inhibit formation of non-ethyl esters.”
t0“apple cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
A change in ester-forming enzyme activity or substrate specificity may contribute to the volatile response.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Gene
- ester-forming enzymee0
- Outcome
- volatile biosynthetic pathwaye0
- Qualifier
- substrate specificitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There may also have been a change in ester-forming enzyme activity and/or substrate specificity of the volatile biosynthetic pathway.”
t0“apple cultivars”
The same questions in other papers
flooding · molecular: metabolites · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.