Paper · 2026 · Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis

The Effect of Biofertilizer, Inorganic Fertilizer, and Their Combinations on Vegetative, Reproductive, and Fruit Quality Parameters in Strawberry

Anupam Singh; Saba Siddiqui; Amrit Kumar Singh; et al.

9
claims
27
verbatim quotes
0
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) are grown throughout the world and are highly valued by consumers for their delicious, firm and nutritious fruits. Strawberry cultivation in India usually involves the indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers and recently Biofertilizer + Inorganic fertilizers have been started to use in commercial production to produce healthier fruits. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the Effect of Biofertilizer, Inorganic Fertilizer and their combinations on Vegetative, Reproductive and Fruit Quality parameters in Strawberry Cv. Camarosa during the period of 2020–21 and 2021–22 respectively. The experiment followed a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with nine treatments and three replications. The treatment, T7 (50% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB +50% P and K) was found superior over all other treatments. The results revealed that significantly maximum leaf length (8.05 cm), fresh weight of leaves (9.16 g), and total chlorophyll (2.39 mg gm−1) were recorded under the leaf parameter. The other flowering parameter such as number of flower/plant (31.77), Days to first flower (53.45) and duration of harvesting (61.69 days) were noted in T7. In quality observation, the maximum reducing sugar (4.90%), non-reducing sugar (2.80%) and ascorbic acid (55.31 mg 100gm−1) content was found in T7 treatments.

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Claims 9

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

T7 produced leaf length of 8.05 cm.

Taxon
StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
Treatment
T7 (50% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB +50% P and K)e1
Outcome
leaf lengthe0
Direction
maximume0
Value
8.05 cme0
Comparator
all other treatmentse1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Fragaria x ananassa
Fragaria ×ananassa · TaxonIvar Leidus · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“significantly maximum leaf length (8.05 cm), fresh weight of leaves (9.16 g), and total chlorophyll (2.39 mg gm−1) were recorded under the leaf parameter”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 880–1033 · show in text ↑
e1

“The treatment, T7 (50% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB +50% P and K) was found superior over all other treatments.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 747–853 · show in text ↑
t0

“The Effect of Biofertilizer, Inorganic Fertilizer, and Their Combinations on Vegetative, Reproductive, and Fruit Quality Parameters in Strawberry”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–145 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

T7 produced fresh weight of leaves of 9.16 g.

Taxon
StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
Treatment
T7 (50% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB +50% P and K)e1
Outcome
fresh weight of leavese0
Direction
maximume0
Value
9.16 ge0
Comparator
all other treatmentse1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Fragaria x ananassa
Fragaria ×ananassa · TaxonIvar Leidus · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“significantly maximum leaf length (8.05 cm), fresh weight of leaves (9.16 g), and total chlorophyll (2.39 mg gm−1) were recorded under the leaf parameter”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 880–1033 · show in text ↑
e1

“The treatment, T7 (50% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB +50% P and K) was found superior over all other treatments.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 747–853 · show in text ↑
t0

“The Effect of Biofertilizer, Inorganic Fertilizer, and Their Combinations on Vegetative, Reproductive, and Fruit Quality Parameters in Strawberry”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–145 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

T7 produced total chlorophyll of 2.39 mg gm−1.

Taxon
StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
Treatment
T7 (50% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB +50% P and K)e1
Outcome
total chlorophylle0
Direction
maximume0
Value
2.39 mg gm−1e0
Comparator
all other treatmentse1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Fragaria x ananassa
Fragaria ×ananassa · TaxonIvar Leidus · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“significantly maximum leaf length (8.05 cm), fresh weight of leaves (9.16 g), and total chlorophyll (2.39 mg gm−1) were recorded under the leaf parameter”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 880–1033 · show in text ↑
e1

“The treatment, T7 (50% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB +50% P and K) was found superior over all other treatments.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 747–853 · show in text ↑
t0

“The Effect of Biofertilizer, Inorganic Fertilizer, and Their Combinations on Vegetative, Reproductive, and Fruit Quality Parameters in Strawberry”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–145 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

T7 produced number of flower/plant of 31.77.

Taxon
StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
Treatment
T7 (50% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB +50% P and K)e1
Outcome
number of flower/plante0
Value
31.77e0
Comparator
all other treatmentse1

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Fragaria x ananassa
Fragaria ×ananassa · TaxonIvar Leidus · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“number of flower/plant (31.77), Days to first flower (53.45) and duration of harvesting (61.69 days) were noted in T7”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1073–1190 · show in text ↑
e1

“The treatment, T7 (50% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB +50% P and K) was found superior over all other treatments.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 747–853 · show in text ↑
t0

“The Effect of Biofertilizer, Inorganic Fertilizer, and Their Combinations on Vegetative, Reproductive, and Fruit Quality Parameters in Strawberry”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–145 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

T7 produced Days to first flower of 53.45.

Taxon
StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
Treatment
T7 (50% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB +50% P and K)e1
Outcome
Days to first flowere0
Value
53.45e0
Comparator
all other treatmentse1

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Fragaria x ananassa
Fragaria ×ananassa · TaxonIvar Leidus · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“number of flower/plant (31.77), Days to first flower (53.45) and duration of harvesting (61.69 days) were noted in T7”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1073–1190 · show in text ↑
e1

“The treatment, T7 (50% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB +50% P and K) was found superior over all other treatments.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 747–853 · show in text ↑
t0

“The Effect of Biofertilizer, Inorganic Fertilizer, and Their Combinations on Vegetative, Reproductive, and Fruit Quality Parameters in Strawberry”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–145 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

T7 produced duration of harvesting of 61.69 days.

Taxon
StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
Treatment
T7 (50% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB +50% P and K)e1
Outcome
duration of harvestinge0
Value
61.69 dayse0
Comparator
all other treatmentse1

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Fragaria x ananassa
Fragaria ×ananassa · TaxonIvar Leidus · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“number of flower/plant (31.77), Days to first flower (53.45) and duration of harvesting (61.69 days) were noted in T7”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1073–1190 · show in text ↑
e1

“The treatment, T7 (50% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB +50% P and K) was found superior over all other treatments.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 747–853 · show in text ↑
t0

“The Effect of Biofertilizer, Inorganic Fertilizer, and Their Combinations on Vegetative, Reproductive, and Fruit Quality Parameters in Strawberry”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–145 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

T7 produced reducing sugar of 4.90%.

Taxon
StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
Treatment
T7 (50% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB +50% P and K)e1
Outcome
reducing sugare0
Direction
maximume0
Value
4.90%e0
Comparator
all other treatmentse1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Fragaria x ananassa
Fragaria ×ananassa · TaxonIvar Leidus · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“maximum reducing sugar (4.90%), non-reducing sugar (2.80%) and ascorbic acid (55.31 mg 100gm−1) content was found in T7 treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1220–1350 · show in text ↑
e1

“The treatment, T7 (50% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB +50% P and K) was found superior over all other treatments.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 747–853 · show in text ↑
t0

“The Effect of Biofertilizer, Inorganic Fertilizer, and Their Combinations on Vegetative, Reproductive, and Fruit Quality Parameters in Strawberry”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–145 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

T7 produced non-reducing sugar of 2.80%.

Taxon
StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
Treatment
T7 (50% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB +50% P and K)e1
Outcome
non-reducing sugare0
Direction
maximume0
Value
2.80%e0
Comparator
all other treatmentse1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Fragaria x ananassa
Fragaria ×ananassa · TaxonIvar Leidus · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“maximum reducing sugar (4.90%), non-reducing sugar (2.80%) and ascorbic acid (55.31 mg 100gm−1) content was found in T7 treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1220–1350 · show in text ↑
e1

“The treatment, T7 (50% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB +50% P and K) was found superior over all other treatments.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 747–853 · show in text ↑
t0

“The Effect of Biofertilizer, Inorganic Fertilizer, and Their Combinations on Vegetative, Reproductive, and Fruit Quality Parameters in Strawberry”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–145 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

T7 produced ascorbic acid of 55.31 mg 100gm−1.

Taxon
StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
Treatment
T7 (50% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB +50% P and K)e1
Outcome
ascorbic acide0
Direction
maximume0
Value
55.31 mg 100gm−1e0
Comparator
all other treatmentse1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Fragaria x ananassa
Fragaria ×ananassa · TaxonIvar Leidus · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“maximum reducing sugar (4.90%), non-reducing sugar (2.80%) and ascorbic acid (55.31 mg 100gm−1) content was found in T7 treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1220–1350 · show in text ↑
e1

“The treatment, T7 (50% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB +50% P and K) was found superior over all other treatments.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 747–853 · show in text ↑
t0

“The Effect of Biofertilizer, Inorganic Fertilizer, and Their Combinations on Vegetative, Reproductive, and Fruit Quality Parameters in Strawberry”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–145 · show in text ↑

Azotobacter · growth · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Positive and negative results

28 papers: 27 positive, 1 negative or no effect

26 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
    Plant height reached 21.24 cm with 25 % of nitrogen from FYM plus Azotobacter, at par with 100 % urea plus Azotobacter.

    Effect of Fym, Urea and Azotobacter on Growth, Yield and Quality of Strawberry Cv. Chandler · 2009 · compared with plants supplied with cent per cent nitrogen in the form of urea in combination with Azotobacter

    No difference from an alternative

  2. positive
  3. positive

24 papers more in this group

See all 28 papers →

Azotobacter · physiology: pigments · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results agree

2 papers: 2 positive, 0 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
See all 2 papers →

Azotobacter · phenology · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results agree

10 papers: 10 positive, 0 negative or no effect

9 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

6 papers more in this group

See all 10 papers →

Azotobacter · quality: phytochemicals · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results agree

15 papers: 15 positive, 0 negative or no effect

14 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

11 papers more in this group

See all 15 papers →

Azotobacter · quality: sugar starch · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results agree

19 papers: 19 positive, 0 negative or no effect

18 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

15 papers more in this group

See all 19 papers →

phosphorus · physiology: pigments · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Positive and negative results

2 papers: 1 positive, 1 negative or no effect

1 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
See all 2 papers →

phosphorus · quality: phytochemicals · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Positive and negative results

4 papers: 3 positive, 1 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. positive
  3. positive
See all 4 papers →

phosphorus · growth · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Positive and negative results

8 papers: 7 positive, 1 negative or no effect

6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. positive
  3. positive

4 papers more in this group

See all 8 papers →

8 of 19 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.