Abstract
Abstract Cadophora luteo‐olivacea is the causal agent of the skin‐pitting disease of kiwifruit, a syndrome that appears after 4–5 months of cold storage. However, it is assumed that the infection takes place in the field during fruit development. The present work takes into consideration the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of Actinidia deliciosa ‘Hayward’ at different phenological phases as potential C . luteo‐olivacea infection biomarkers. In vitro assays were conducted to gain knowledge on the effect of kiwifruit VOCs on pathogen conidial germination and mycelial growth. VOCs produced by kiwifruit either inoculated or not with C . luteo‐olivacea were analysed at different phenological phases by SPME/GC–MS analysis. In particular, ethanol, o ‐xylene, d ‐limonene and acetic acid showed a significant increase in the presence of fungal inoculation. Ethanol and d ‐limonene were also detected as volatile metabolites of the pathogen. The effect of each compound (ethanol, o ‐xylene, d ‐limonene and acetic acid) was tested on the fungal conidial germination at different concentrations, showing a growth stimulation at lower amounts. These results show how the production of some VOCs can contribute to the knowledge of fruit–pathogen interaction in the field with the aim of developing future tools for early disease detection and consequent effective control.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal inoculation significantly increased ethanol in kiwifruit volatiles.
- Taxon
- kiwifruit
Actinidia deliciosae1 - Treatment
- fungal inoculatione0
- Interactor
- C . luteo‐olivaceae1pathogen
- Outcome
- ethanole0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- not with C . luteo‐olivaceae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“kiwifruits”
e0“ethanol, o ‐xylene, d ‐limonene and acetic acid showed a significant increase in the presence of fungal inoculation.”
e1“VOCs produced by kiwifruit either inoculated or not with C . luteo‐olivacea were analysed”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal inoculation significantly increased o-xylene in kiwifruit volatiles.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosae1
- Treatment
- fungal inoculatione0
- Interactor
- C . luteo‐olivaceae1pathogen
- Outcome
- o ‐xylenee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- not with C . luteo‐olivaceae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“kiwifruits”
e0“ethanol, o ‐xylene, d ‐limonene and acetic acid showed a significant increase in the presence of fungal inoculation.”
e1“VOCs produced by kiwifruit either inoculated or not with C . luteo‐olivacea were analysed”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal inoculation significantly increased d-limonene in kiwifruit volatiles.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosae1
- Treatment
- fungal inoculatione0
- Interactor
- C . luteo‐olivaceae1pathogen
- Outcome
- d ‐limonenee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- not with C . luteo‐olivaceae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“kiwifruits”
e0“ethanol, o ‐xylene, d ‐limonene and acetic acid showed a significant increase in the presence of fungal inoculation.”
e1“VOCs produced by kiwifruit either inoculated or not with C . luteo‐olivacea were analysed”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal inoculation significantly increased acetic acid in kiwifruit volatiles.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosae1
- Treatment
- fungal inoculatione0
- Interactor
- C . luteo‐olivaceae1pathogen
- Outcome
- acetic acide0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- not with C . luteo‐olivaceae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“kiwifruits”
e0“ethanol, o ‐xylene, d ‐limonene and acetic acid showed a significant increase in the presence of fungal inoculation.”
e1“VOCs produced by kiwifruit either inoculated or not with C . luteo‐olivacea were analysed”
Claim · model-written summary
The pathogen produced ethanol and d-limonene as volatile metabolites.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosae1
- Interactor
- Cadophora luteo‐olivaceae1pathogen
- Outcome
- Ethanol and d ‐limonene were also detected as volatile metabolites of the pathogene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“kiwifruits”
e0“Ethanol and d ‐limonene were also detected as volatile metabolites of the pathogen.”
e1“Cadophora luteo‐olivacea is the causal agent of the skin‐pitting disease of kiwifruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Low ethanol amounts stimulated fungal conidial germination.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosae1
- Treatment
- ethanole0
- Interactor
- Cadophora luteo‐olivaceae1pathogen
- Outcome
- fungal conidial germinatione0
- Direction
- growth stimulatione0
- Qualifier
- lower amountse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“kiwifruits”
e0“The effect of each compound (ethanol, o ‐xylene, d ‐limonene and acetic acid) was tested on the fungal conidial germination at different concentrations, showing a growth stimulation at lower amounts.”
e1“Cadophora luteo‐olivacea is the causal agent of the skin‐pitting disease of kiwifruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Low o-xylene amounts stimulated fungal conidial germination.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosae1
- Treatment
- o ‐xylenee0
- Interactor
- Cadophora luteo‐olivaceae1pathogen
- Outcome
- fungal conidial germinatione0
- Direction
- growth stimulatione0
- Qualifier
- lower amountse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“kiwifruits”
e0“The effect of each compound (ethanol, o ‐xylene, d ‐limonene and acetic acid) was tested on the fungal conidial germination at different concentrations, showing a growth stimulation at lower amounts.”
e1“Cadophora luteo‐olivacea is the causal agent of the skin‐pitting disease of kiwifruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Low d-limonene amounts stimulated fungal conidial germination.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosae1
- Treatment
- d ‐limonenee0
- Interactor
- Cadophora luteo‐olivaceae1pathogen
- Outcome
- fungal conidial germinatione0
- Direction
- growth stimulatione0
- Qualifier
- lower amountse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“kiwifruits”
e0“The effect of each compound (ethanol, o ‐xylene, d ‐limonene and acetic acid) was tested on the fungal conidial germination at different concentrations, showing a growth stimulation at lower amounts.”
e1“Cadophora luteo‐olivacea is the causal agent of the skin‐pitting disease of kiwifruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Low acetic acid amounts stimulated fungal conidial germination.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosae1
- Treatment
- acetic acide0
- Interactor
- Cadophora luteo‐olivaceae1pathogen
- Outcome
- fungal conidial germinatione0
- Direction
- growth stimulatione0
- Qualifier
- lower amountse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“kiwifruits”
e0“The effect of each compound (ethanol, o ‐xylene, d ‐limonene and acetic acid) was tested on the fungal conidial germination at different concentrations, showing a growth stimulation at lower amounts.”
e1“Cadophora luteo‐olivacea is the causal agent of the skin‐pitting disease of kiwifruit”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · molecular: metabolites · Actinidia deliciosa (kiwifruit)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.