Abstract
Abstract Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) producers need to know whether a late‐season urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) application is effective in improving grain protein concentration (GPC) in high‐yielding environments. Field experiments were conducted over 3 years to evaluate the effect of UAN on awned cultivars Bologna and SY‐Moisson, differing in GPC. Crops were grown under standard nitrogen (N) fertilization practice with and without UAN application. UAN solution (32 kg N ha −1 ) was sprayed midday at anthesis with no leaf burn afterward. Average grain yield (9110 kg ha −1 ) and GPC (113 g kg −1 ) were similar across growing seasons. Compared to non‐treated plots, UAN application increased flag‐leaf greenness, which was more evident toward the end of grain ripening. UAN‐treated crops consistently produced higher yields than the non‐treated control (on average by 382 kg ha −1 ) primarily due to heavier grains. The GPC averaged 122 g kg −1 for Bologna and 104 g kg −1 for SY‐Moisson. Increases in GPC following UAN application were higher in Bologna (9 g kg −1 ) than in SY‐Moisson (5 g kg −1 ). However, yield increases were slightly larger in SY‐Moisson than in Bologna so that cultivars recovered a similar amount of grain N (18 kg ha −1 ) added with UAN treatment. Foliar UAN application had no effect on Hagberg falling number but increased test weight and Zeleny sedimentation in addition to the farinograph and extensograph traits. Increases in wet gluten content after UAN spraying were consistent for SY‐Moisson only. Late‐season UAN treatment improved wheat yield and milling and bread‐making quality, with cultivar‐specific increases in GPC.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Midday UAN spraying at anthesis caused no leaf burn.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- UAN solution (32 kg N ha −1 )e0
- Outcome
- leaf burne0
- Direction
- no leaf burne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“UAN solution (32 kg N ha −1 ) was sprayed midday at anthesis with no leaf burn afterward.”
e1“Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Average grain yield was similar across growing seasons at 9110 kg ha−1.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- similare0
- Value
- 9110 kg ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average grain yield (9110 kg ha −1 ) and GPC (113 g kg −1 ) were similar across growing seasons.”
e1“Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Average grain protein concentration was similar across seasons at 113 g kg−1.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- GPCe0
- Direction
- similare0
- Value
- 113 g kg −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average grain yield (9110 kg ha −1 ) and GPC (113 g kg −1 ) were similar across growing seasons.”
e1“Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
UAN increased flag-leaf greenness compared with untreated plots, especially late in ripening.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- UAN applicatione0
- Outcome
- flag‐leaf greennesse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- toward the end of grain ripeninge0
- Comparator
- non‐treated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to non‐treated plots, UAN application increased flag‐leaf greenness, which was more evident toward the end of grain ripening.”
e1“Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
UAN increased grain yield by an average 382 kg ha−1 compared with untreated controls.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- UAN‐treatede0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 382 kg ha −1e0
- Comparator
- non‐treated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“UAN‐treated crops consistently produced higher yields than the non‐treated control (on average by 382 kg ha −1 ) primarily due to heavier grains.”
e1“Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
UAN-treated wheat had heavier grains.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- UAN‐treatede0
- Outcome
- grainse0
- Direction
- heaviere0
- Comparator
- non‐treated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“UAN‐treated crops consistently produced higher yields than the non‐treated control (on average by 382 kg ha −1 ) primarily due to heavier grains.”
e1“Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bologna averaged 122 g kg−1 grain protein concentration.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Bolognae0
- Outcome
- GPCe0
- Value
- 122 g kg −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The GPC averaged 122 g kg −1 for Bologna and 104 g kg −1 for SY‐Moisson.”
e1“Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
SY-Moisson averaged 104 g kg−1 grain protein concentration.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- SY‐Moissone0
- Outcome
- GPCe0
- Value
- 104 g kg −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The GPC averaged 122 g kg −1 for Bologna and 104 g kg −1 for SY‐Moisson.”
e1“Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
UAN raised Bologna grain protein concentration by 9 g kg−1.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Bolognae0
- Treatment
- UAN applicatione0
- Outcome
- GPCe0
- Direction
- Increasese0
- Value
- 9 g kg −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increases in GPC following UAN application were higher in Bologna (9 g kg −1 ) than in SY‐Moisson (5 g kg −1 ).”
e1“Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
UAN raised SY-Moisson grain protein concentration by 5 g kg−1.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- SY‐Moissone0
- Treatment
- UAN applicatione0
- Outcome
- GPCe0
- Direction
- Increasese0
- Value
- 5 g kg −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increases in GPC following UAN application were higher in Bologna (9 g kg −1 ) than in SY‐Moisson (5 g kg −1 ).”
e1“Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
UAN-associated yield increases were slightly larger in SY-Moisson than Bologna.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- SY‐Moissone0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- slightly largere0
- Comparator
- Bolognae0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield increases were slightly larger in SY‐Moisson than in Bologna”
e1“Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivars recovered a similar 18 kg ha−1 of grain nitrogen added with UAN.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- UAN treatmente0
- Outcome
- grain Ne0
- Direction
- similare0
- Value
- 18 kg ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cultivars recovered a similar amount of grain N (18 kg ha −1 ) added with UAN treatment”
e1“Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar UAN had no effect on Hagberg falling number.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Foliar UAN applicatione0
- Outcome
- Hagberg falling numbere0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar UAN application had no effect on Hagberg falling number”
e1“Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar UAN increased test weight and Zeleny sedimentation.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Foliar UAN applicatione0
- Outcome
- test weight and Zeleny sedimentatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar UAN application had no effect on Hagberg falling number but increased test weight and Zeleny sedimentation in addition to the farinograph and extensograph traits.”
e1“Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar UAN increased farinograph and extensograph traits.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Foliar UAN applicatione0
- Outcome
- farinograph and extensograph traitse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar UAN application had no effect on Hagberg falling number but increased test weight and Zeleny sedimentation in addition to the farinograph and extensograph traits.”
e1“Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wet gluten content rose consistently after UAN spraying only in SY-Moisson.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- SY‐Moissone0
- Treatment
- UAN sprayinge0
- Outcome
- wet gluten contente0
- Direction
- Increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increases in wet gluten content after UAN spraying were consistent for SY‐Moisson only.”
e1“Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
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See all 125 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.