Abstract
To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms underlying the interaction between straw return and nitrogen (N) fertilization on yield formation, nutrient uptake, and soil N cycling in a continuous maize cropping system, a two-year positioning experiment was conducted. The study established two straw treatments (S0: 0 g/box; S1: 84 g/box) combined with three N levels (N0: 0 g/box; N1: 1.24 g/box; N2: 2.47 g/box). (The box refers to the cylinder used for planting maize.) The responses of maize yield, plant nutrient accumulation and partitioning, fertilizer-derived N ratio, nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency (NUE), and soil microenvironment were analyzed. Results indicated that under N1 conditions, straw return had a negligible effect on crop growth and yield formation. Conversely, under N2 conditions, straw return significantly enhanced maize yield and promoted the accumulation of N, phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in plant tissues. 15N isotope tracing revealed a novel mechanism: rather than significantly altering direct fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency, straw return improved crop yield primarily by elevating indigenous soil N content and boosting the activities of N-transforming enzymes, thereby beneficially altering the ultimate environmental fate of the fertilizer N. Furthermore, straw return significantly boosted the activities of enzymes involved in N transformation and optimized the soil microenvironment. Collectively, straw return coupled with increased N application (specifically the S1N2 treatment) significantly maximizes maize yield, providing a theoretical basis for rational straw utilization and N management.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Under N1, straw return had negligible effects on maize growth and yield.
Zea maysNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under N1 conditions, straw return had a negligible effect on crop growth and yield formation”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Under N2, straw return significantly enhanced maize yield.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under N2 conditions, straw return significantly enhanced maize yield”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Under N2, straw return promoted accumulation of N, P, and K in maize tissues.
- Treatment
- straw returne0
- Outcome
- accumulation of N, phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in plant tissuese0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Comparator
- N2 conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under N2 conditions, straw return significantly enhanced maize yield and promoted the accumulation of N, phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in plant tissues”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw return did not significantly alter direct fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rather than significantly altering direct fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency, straw return improved crop yield”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw return elevated indigenous soil N content.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“straw return improved crop yield primarily by elevating indigenous soil N content”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw return significantly boosted N transforming enzyme activities.
- Treatment
- straw returne0
- Outcome
- activities of enzymes involved in N transformatione0
- Direction
- boostede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“straw return significantly boosted the activities of enzymes involved in N transformation”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw return optimized the soil microenvironment.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“straw return significantly boosted the activities of enzymes involved in N transformation and optimized the soil microenvironment”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attributed improved maize yield to greater indigenous soil N and N transforming enzyme activity.
- Treatment
- straw returne0
- Outcome
- crop yielde0
- Qualifier
- elevating indigenous soil N content and boosting the activities of N-transforming enzymese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“straw return improved crop yield primarily by elevating indigenous soil N content and boosting the activities of N-transforming enzymes”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
S1N2 significantly maximized maize yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“straw return coupled with increased N application (specifically the S1N2 treatment) significantly maximizes maize yield”
t0“Maize”
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