Abstract
High nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is important for improving crop yield. There are many nitrogen (N) fractions in soil and their uptake by crops varies. Most of the N that is taken up by plants is not native to the soil but usually from fertilizer added to the soil. However, the unbalanced use of fertilizers is currently an important issue that needs to be addressed. The objectives of this work were to determine the effects of using the recommended chemical fertilizers together with inorganic and organic amendments on (i) soil organic and inorganic N fractions, (ii) N uptake and use efficiency, and (iii) maize (Zea mays L.) dry matter production and ear yield. A randomized complete block design field trial, using maize as a test crop, was done with seven fertilizer treatments, each replicated thrice for two crop cycles. The treatments included different combinations of urea N, clinoptilolite zeolite (CZ), rice straw compost, and paddy husk compost. The variables of the study were soil N fractions, ear yield, and N use efficiency. Generally, the combined use of the recommended chemical fertilizers with CZ and organic amendments resulted in significantly higher soil N fractions, N use efficiency, and ear yield of maize for both crops. The two treatments with a 50% reduction in recommended chemical fertilizers, CZ, and rice straw compost or paddy husk compost (treatments four and six) are recommended instead of the 100% recommended chemical fertilizer treatment (treatment one). The organic materials used for these two treatments are abundantly available and will reduce the economic and environmental costs of applying large quantities of chemical fertilizers alone.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Combined fertilizers, zeolite and organic amendments significantly increased soil nitrogen fractions in both crops.
- Treatment
- combined use of the recommended chemical fertilizers with CZ and organic amendmentse0
- Outcome
- soil N fractionse0
- Direction
- highere0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined use of the recommended chemical fertilizers with CZ and organic amendments resulted in significantly higher soil N fractions, N use efficiency, and ear yield of maize for both crops”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined amendments significantly increased maize nitrogen use efficiency in both crops.
- Treatment
- combined use of the recommended chemical fertilizers with CZ and organic amendmentse0
- Outcome
- N use efficiencye0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined use of the recommended chemical fertilizers with CZ and organic amendments resulted in significantly higher soil N fractions, N use efficiency, and ear yield of maize for both crops”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined amendments significantly increased maize ear yield in both crops.
- Treatment
- combined use of the recommended chemical fertilizers with CZ and organic amendmentse0
- Outcome
- ear yield of maizee0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined use of the recommended chemical fertilizers with CZ and organic amendments resulted in significantly higher soil N fractions, N use efficiency, and ear yield of maize for both crops”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend the reduced-fertilizer treatment with zeolite and rice straw compost over full fertilizer.
- Outcome
- 50% reduction in recommended chemical fertilizers, CZ, and rice straw composte0
- Comparator
- 100% recommended chemical fertilizer treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The two treatments with a 50% reduction in recommended chemical fertilizers, CZ, and rice straw compost or paddy husk compost (treatments four and six) are recommended instead of the 100% recommended chemical fertilizer treatment (treatment one).”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend the reduced-fertilizer treatment with zeolite and paddy husk compost over full fertilizer.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The two treatments with a 50% reduction in recommended chemical fertilizers, CZ, and rice straw compost or paddy husk compost (treatments four and six) are recommended instead of the 100% recommended chemical fertilizer treatment (treatment one).”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.)”
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