Abstract
BACKGROUND: Straw incorporation serves as an effective strategy to enhance soil fertility and soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), which in turn improves maize yield and agricultural sustainability. However, our understanding of nitrogen (N) fertilization and straw incorporation into soil microenvironment is still evolving. This study explored the impact of six N fertilization rates (N0, N100, N150, N200, N250, and N300) with and without straw incorporation on soil fertility, SMBC, enzyme activities, and maize yield. RESULTS: Results showed that both straw management and N fertilization significantly affected soil organic carbon (SOC), total N, SMBC, soil enzyme activities, and maize yield. Specifically, the N250 treatment combined with straw incorporation significantly increased SOC, total N, and SMBC compared to lower fertilization rates. Additionally, enzyme activities such as urease, cellulase, sucrose, catalase, and acid phosphatase reached their peak during the V6 growth stage in the N200 treatment under for both straw management conditions. Compared to N250 and N300 treatments of traditional planting, the N200 treatment with residue incorporation significantly increased yield by 8.30 and 4.22%, respectively. All measured parameters, except for cellulase activity, were significantly higher in spring than in the autumn across both study years, with notable increases observed in 2021. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that optimal levels of SOC, soil total N (STN), and SMBC, along with increased soil enzyme activities, is crucial for sustaining soil fertility and enhancing maize grain yield under straw incorporation and N200 treatments.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
The N250 treatment with straw incorporation significantly increased soil organic carbon, total N and microbial biomass carbon compared with lower fertilization rates.
- Treatment
- N250 treatment combined with straw incorporatione1
- Outcome
- SOC, total N, and SMBCe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- lower fertilization ratese1
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize crop productivity”
e1“Specifically, the N250 treatment combined with straw incorporation significantly increased SOC, total N, and SMBC compared to lower fertilization rates”
Claim · model-written summary
The N200 treatment with residue incorporation significantly increased maize yield by 8.30% compared with the N250 treatment of traditional planting.
- Treatment
- N200 treatment with residue incorporatione2
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 8.30e2
- Comparator
- N250 and N300 treatments of traditional plantinge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize crop productivity”
e2“Compared to N250 and N300 treatments of traditional planting, the N200 treatment with residue incorporation significantly increased yield by 8.30 and 4.22%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The N200 treatment with residue incorporation significantly increased maize yield by 4.22% compared with the N300 treatment of traditional planting.
- Treatment
- N200 treatment with residue incorporatione2
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 4.22%e2
- Comparator
- N300 treatments of traditional plantinge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize crop productivity”
e2“Compared to N250 and N300 treatments of traditional planting, the N200 treatment with residue incorporation significantly increased yield by 8.30 and 4.22%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil enzyme activities such as urease, cellulase, sucrose, catalase and acid phosphatase peaked at the V6 growth stage under N200.
- Organ / stage
- V6 growth stagee3
- Treatment
- N200e3
- Outcome
- enzyme activitiese3
- Direction
- reached their peake3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize crop productivity”
e3“enzyme activities such as urease, cellulase, sucrose, catalase, and acid phosphatase reached their peak during the V6 growth stage in the N200 treatment”
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