Abstract
This study evaluated the impacts of different irrigation-nitrogen (N) application strategies and N application rates on cotton growth and yield, agronomic N use efficiency (ANUE), and fertilizer-N fate in arid region. A split-plot design was employed to compare traditional irrigation and N application (TIN) with alternate partial root-zone irrigation combined with root-zone fertilization (ADI-RZF), under three N rates (0, 220, and 275 kg ha⁻¹). The results revealed that the seed cotton yield, harvest index (HI), ANUE, irrigation water productivity (WP I ) and fertilizer N recovery efficiency (FNRE) significantly increased under the ADI-RZF treatment relative to TIN. The expression of nitrate transporter genes ( GhNRT1.1 and GhNRT1.5 ) was upregulated by 2.3- and 2.7-fold in hydrated root zones under ADI-RZF, explaining the 34.7–52.9 % enhancement in FNRE. At N 220, the optimized ADI-RZF system achieved 95 % of the maximum yield potential (equivalent to the N 275 yield under ADI-RZF), while it reduced N input by 20 % and lowered the fertilizer N loss rate (FNLR) by 38.5–42.7 % compared to TIN at equivalent N rates. This reduction is attributed to the spatially targeted N placement in ADI-RZF, which minimized the soil residual N by 11.9–30.3 % through enhanced root foraging precision. In conclusion, ADI-RZF at the N 220 rate represents a sustainable strategy for cotton production in arid regions such as Xinjiang, China, effectively balancing high yield with a reduced environmental N footprint. • Cotton yield and photosynthetic rate were significantly enhanced via APRI combined with root-zone fertilization. • APRI with root-zone fertilization increased agronomic efficiency of N and irrigation water productivity. • The expression of GhPIP and GhNRT was up-regulated in the hydrated roots. • APRI with root-zone fertilization improved fertilizer N recovery efficiency while reducing fertilizer N loss rate.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
ADI-RZF significantly increased seed cotton yield relative to TIN.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- ADI-RZF treatmente0
- Outcome
- seed cotton yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- TINe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that the seed cotton yield, harvest index (HI), ANUE, irrigation water productivity (WP I ) and fertilizer N recovery efficiency (FNRE) significantly increased under the ADI-RZF treatment relative to TIN.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
ADI-RZF significantly increased harvest index relative to TIN.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- ADI-RZF treatmente0
- Outcome
- harvest index (HI)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- TINe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that the seed cotton yield, harvest index (HI), ANUE, irrigation water productivity (WP I ) and fertilizer N recovery efficiency (FNRE) significantly increased under the ADI-RZF treatment relative to TIN.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
ADI-RZF significantly increased agronomic nitrogen use efficiency relative to TIN.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- ADI-RZF treatmente0
- Outcome
- ANUEe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- TINe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that the seed cotton yield, harvest index (HI), ANUE, irrigation water productivity (WP I ) and fertilizer N recovery efficiency (FNRE) significantly increased under the ADI-RZF treatment relative to TIN.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
ADI-RZF significantly increased irrigation water productivity relative to TIN.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- ADI-RZF treatmente0
- Outcome
- irrigation water productivity (WP I )e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- TINe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that the seed cotton yield, harvest index (HI), ANUE, irrigation water productivity (WP I ) and fertilizer N recovery efficiency (FNRE) significantly increased under the ADI-RZF treatment relative to TIN.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
ADI-RZF significantly increased fertilizer nitrogen recovery efficiency relative to TIN.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- ADI-RZF treatmente0
- Outcome
- fertilizer N recovery efficiency (FNRE)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- TINe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that the seed cotton yield, harvest index (HI), ANUE, irrigation water productivity (WP I ) and fertilizer N recovery efficiency (FNRE) significantly increased under the ADI-RZF treatment relative to TIN.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
ADI-RZF upregulated GhNRT1.1 expression 2.3-fold in hydrated root zones.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- hydrated root zonese0
- Treatment
- ADI-RZFe0
- Gene
- GhNRT1.1e0
- Outcome
- expression of nitrate transporter genese0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
- Value
- 2.3-e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression of nitrate transporter genes ( GhNRT1.1 and GhNRT1.5 ) was upregulated by 2.3- and 2.7-fold in hydrated root zones under ADI-RZF, explaining the 34.7–52.9 % enhancement in FNRE.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
ADI-RZF upregulated GhNRT1.5 expression 2.7-fold in hydrated root zones.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- hydrated root zonese0
- Treatment
- ADI-RZFe0
- Gene
- GhNRT1.5e0
- Outcome
- expression of nitrate transporter genese0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
- Value
- 2.7-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression of nitrate transporter genes ( GhNRT1.1 and GhNRT1.5 ) was upregulated by 2.3- and 2.7-fold in hydrated root zones under ADI-RZF, explaining the 34.7–52.9 % enhancement in FNRE.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
At N 220, ADI-RZF attained 95% of the yield at N 275 under ADI-RZF.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- N 220e0
- Outcome
- maximum yield potentiale0
- Direction
- achievede0
- Value
- 95 %e0
- Comparator
- N 275 yield under ADI-RZFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At N 220, the optimized ADI-RZF system achieved 95 % of the maximum yield potential (equivalent to the N 275 yield under ADI-RZF), while it reduced N input by 20 % and lowered the fertilizer N loss rate (FNLR) by 38.5–42.7 % compared to TIN at equivalent N rates.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
ADI-RZF at N 220 reduced nitrogen input by 20%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- ADI-RZF systeme0
- Outcome
- N inpute0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 20 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At N 220, the optimized ADI-RZF system achieved 95 % of the maximum yield potential (equivalent to the N 275 yield under ADI-RZF), while it reduced N input by 20 % and lowered the fertilizer N loss rate (FNLR) by 38.5–42.7 % compared to TIN at equivalent N rates.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
ADI-RZF at N 220 lowered fertilizer nitrogen loss rate by 38.5–42.7% relative to TIN at equivalent nitrogen rates.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- ADI-RZF systeme0
- Outcome
- fertilizer N loss rate (FNLR)e0
- Direction
- lowerede0
- Value
- 38.5–42.7 %e0
- Comparator
- TINe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At N 220, the optimized ADI-RZF system achieved 95 % of the maximum yield potential (equivalent to the N 275 yield under ADI-RZF), while it reduced N input by 20 % and lowered the fertilizer N loss rate (FNLR) by 38.5–42.7 % compared to TIN at equivalent N rates.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
ADI-RZF reduced soil residual nitrogen by 11.9–30.3%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- ADI-RZFe0
- Outcome
- soil residual Ne0
- Direction
- minimizede0
- Value
- 11.9–30.3 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This reduction is attributed to the spatially targeted N placement in ADI-RZF, which minimized the soil residual N by 11.9–30.3 % through enhanced root foraging precision.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
APRI with root-zone fertilization significantly enhanced cotton photosynthetic rate.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- APRI combined with root-zone fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“• Cotton yield and photosynthetic rate were significantly enhanced via APRI combined with root-zone fertilization.”
Claim · model-written summary
APRI with root-zone fertilization upregulated GhPIP expression in hydrated roots.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- hydrated rootse0
- Gene
- GhPIPe0
- Outcome
- expression of GhPIPe0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“• The expression of GhPIP and GhNRT was up-regulated in the hydrated roots.”
t0“cotton”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.