Abstract
The present study focuses on induced systemic resistance (ISR), where secondary metabolites and pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins are activated after the application of resistance inducers following the salicylic acid pathway. Biochar was used as an inducer to activate phenolic compounds and pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, helping to combat Phomopsis vexans, which causes Phomopsis blight in brinjal. Physical and biochemical analysis showed biochar has significantly improved the yield of traits of the plant and reduced the amount of infection by increasing levels of total proteins, total phenols and sugar content. Increased levels of proteins and phenolic compounds with decreased levels of disease severity as shown by regression analysis, indicating a negative correlation (r) between soil pH, soil electrical conductivity (EC), plant height, number of branches, fruit yield, peroxidase activity, total protein content, total phenols and disease severity. The treatment T13 with 3 % biochar, Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens was found to be the best treatment that exhibited positive effects on yield attributing traits and managed disease severity (22.2 %), followed by biochar concentrations of 3.5 % (T6) and 3 % (T5) alone with disease severities of 24.42 % and 26.6 %, respectively. Mixed application of biochar, T. harzianum and P. fluorescens has shown a synergistic effect on yield attributing traits and contributed to improving final yield and reducing disease severity. The data indicated a negative correlation between disease severity and yield attributing parameters, underscoring the effectiveness of this integrated approach in promoting plant resilience and productivity.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar at 3% combined with Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens was the best treatment and managed Phomopsis blight severity at 22.2%.
- Taxon
- brinjal
Solanum melongenae0 - Treatment
- 3 % biochar, Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescense1
- Interactor
- Phomopsis vexansDiaporthe vexanse0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Trichoderma harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- disease severitye1
- Direction
- managede1
- Value
- 22.2 %e1
- Comparator
- biochar concentrations of 3.5 % (T6) and 3 % (T5) alonee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“helping to combat Phomopsis vexans, which causes Phomopsis blight in brinjal”
e1“The treatment T13 with 3 % biochar, Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens was found to be the best treatment that exhibited positive effects on yield attributing traits and managed disease severity (22.2 %)”
e2“biochar concentrations of 3.5 % (T6) and 3 % (T5) alone with disease severities of 24.42 % and 26.6 %”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar at 3.5% (T6) alone gave Phomopsis blight disease severity of 24.42%.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- biochar concentrations of 3.5 % (T6)e2
- Interactor
- Phomopsis vexansDiaporthe vexanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitiese2
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede2
- Value
- 24.42 %e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“helping to combat Phomopsis vexans, which causes Phomopsis blight in brinjal”
e2“biochar concentrations of 3.5 % (T6) and 3 % (T5) alone with disease severities of 24.42 % and 26.6 %”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar at 3% (T5) alone gave Phomopsis blight disease severity of 26.6%.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- 3 % (T5) alonee2
- Interactor
- Phomopsis vexansDiaporthe vexanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitiese2
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede2
- Value
- 26.6 %e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“helping to combat Phomopsis vexans, which causes Phomopsis blight in brinjal”
e2“biochar concentrations of 3.5 % (T6) and 3 % (T5) alone with disease severities of 24.42 % and 26.6 %”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed application of biochar, Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens had a synergistic effect that increased yield-attributing traits in brinjal.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- Mixed application of biochar, T. harzianum and P. fluorescense3
- Outcome
- yield attributing traitse3
- Direction
- improvinge3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“helping to combat Phomopsis vexans, which causes Phomopsis blight in brinjal”
e3“Mixed application of biochar, T. harzianum and P. fluorescens has shown a synergistic effect on yield attributing traits and contributed to improving final yield and reducing disease severity”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease severity and yield-attributing parameters of brinjal show a negative correlation.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenae0
- Interactor
- Phomopsis vexansDiaporthe vexanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severity and yield attributing parameterse4
- Direction
- negative correlatione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“helping to combat Phomopsis vexans, which causes Phomopsis blight in brinjal”
e4“The data indicated a negative correlation between disease severity and yield attributing parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar significantly improved yield traits of brinjal.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- biochare5
- Outcome
- yield of traits of the plante5
- Direction
- improvede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“helping to combat Phomopsis vexans, which causes Phomopsis blight in brinjal”
e5“Physical and biochemical analysis showed biochar has significantly improved the yield of traits of the plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar increased total protein, total phenol and sugar content in brinjal.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- biochare5
- Outcome
- total proteins, total phenols and sugar contente6
- Direction
- increasinge6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“helping to combat Phomopsis vexans, which causes Phomopsis blight in brinjal”
e5“Physical and biochemical analysis showed biochar has significantly improved the yield of traits of the plant”
e6“reduced the amount of infection by increasing levels of total proteins, total phenols and sugar content”
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