Abstract
A two year (2024 and 2025) trial was conducted at the Teaching and Research farm of the Federal College of Education Obudu, (Bebi Campus) Cross River State. The main objective was to compare the efficacies of four (4) selected herbicides in controlling noxious/herbicide resistant weeds in cassava varieties. The design of the experiment was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) on a four by four (4 x 4) factorial layout. The main plot treatments were the cassava varieties; TMS. 60444, TMS. 30555, TMS. 30572 and TMS. 60506. The subplot treatments were the herbicide types; Paraquat, Glyphosate, Atrazine, and Ametryn, all applied at 3.0 kg/ha. Application was done two weeks after planting of the cassava varieties. Data for percentage establishment of cassava were taken at four (4) weeks after planting (4WAP). Herbicide toxicity (injury) on the cassava and the weed control efficiency were recorded six (6) weeks after planting (6WAP). Tuber yield in tons per hectare (t/ha) were recorded at six (6) months after planting (6MAP) all data generated were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the means were separated using Least Significant Difference (LSD) at 5 % level of probability. Results showed that herbicide toxicity rating on the cassava was higher in Atrazine> Glyphosate> Paraquat> Ametryn. Weed control efficiency rating of herbicides was Paraquat (97.40 %)> Glyphosate (85.87 %)> Ametryn (83.83 %)> Atrazine (62.07 %). The highest yields in t/ha were recorded in TMS. 30572 (4.30 t/ha) in application of Paraquat and (3.88 t/ha) in application of Glyphosate. Glyphosate and Ametryn gave significantly higher yields in almost all the varieties. Therefore it was recommended that Paraquat applied at 3.0 kg ai/ha should be the correct approach to dealing with noxious/herbicide resistant weeds. Two varieties of cassava TMS. 30572 and TMS. 30555 were also recommended to farmers.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine caused the highest cassava injury, followed by glyphosate, paraquat and ametryn.
- Taxon
- cassava
Manihot esculentae0 - Treatment
- Atrazinee0
- Outcome
- herbicide toxicity ratinge0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“herbicide toxicity rating on the cassava was higher in Atrazine> Glyphosate> Paraquat> Ametryn”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat achieved 97.40% weed control efficiency.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- Paraquate0
- Interactor
- weedst0weed
- Outcome
- Weed control efficiencye0
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 97.40 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed control efficiency rating of herbicides was Paraquat (97.40 %)> Glyphosate (85.87 %)> Ametryn (83.83 %)> Atrazine (62.07 %)”
t0“weeds in cassava cultivation”
e1“herbicide toxicity rating on the cassava was higher in Atrazine> Glyphosate> Paraquat> Ametryn”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate achieved 85.87% weed control efficiency.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- Glyphosatee0
- Interactor
- weedst0weed
- Outcome
- Weed control efficiencye0
- Value
- 85.87 %e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed control efficiency rating of herbicides was Paraquat (97.40 %)> Glyphosate (85.87 %)> Ametryn (83.83 %)> Atrazine (62.07 %)”
t0“weeds in cassava cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Ametryn achieved 83.83% weed control efficiency.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- Ametryne0
- Interactor
- weedst0weed
- Outcome
- Weed control efficiencye0
- Value
- 83.83 %e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed control efficiency rating of herbicides was Paraquat (97.40 %)> Glyphosate (85.87 %)> Ametryn (83.83 %)> Atrazine (62.07 %)”
t0“weeds in cassava cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine achieved 62.07% weed control efficiency.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- Atrazinee0
- Interactor
- weedst0weed
- Outcome
- Weed control efficiencye0
- Value
- 62.07 %e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed control efficiency rating of herbicides was Paraquat (97.40 %)> Glyphosate (85.87 %)> Ametryn (83.83 %)> Atrazine (62.07 %)”
t0“weeds in cassava cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
TMS. 30572 yielded 4.30 t/ha under paraquat.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Material
- TMS. 30572e0
- Treatment
- Paraquate0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 4.30 t/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest yields in t/ha were recorded in TMS. 30572 (4.30 t/ha) in application of Paraquat”
t0“cassava cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
TMS. 30572 yielded 3.88 t/ha under glyphosate.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Material
- TMS. 30572e0
- Treatment
- Glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Value
- 3.88 t/hae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest yields in t/ha were recorded in TMS. 30572 (4.30 t/ha) in application of Paraquat and (3.88 t/ha) in application of Glyphosate”
t0“cassava cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate gave significantly higher yields in almost all varieties.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- Glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate and Ametryn gave significantly higher yields in almost all the varieties”
t0“cassava cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Ametryn gave significantly higher yields in almost all varieties.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- Ametryne0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate and Ametryn gave significantly higher yields in almost all the varieties”
t0“cassava cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend paraquat at 3.0 kg ai/ha for resistant weeds.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Outcome
- Paraquat applied at 3.0 kg ai/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Paraquat applied at 3.0 kg ai/ha should be the correct approach to dealing with noxious/herbicide resistant weeds”
t0“cassava cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend TMS. 30572 and TMS. 30555 to farmers.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae0
- Outcome
- TMS. 30572 and TMS. 30555 were also recommendede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two varieties of cassava TMS. 30572 and TMS. 30555 were also recommended to farmers”
The same questions in other papers
atrazine · weed · Manihot esculenta (cassava)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
paraquat · yield · Manihot esculenta (cassava)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
glyphosate · yield · Manihot esculenta (cassava)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →atrazine · pest · Manihot esculenta (cassava)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
ametryn · weed · Manihot esculenta (cassava)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
ametryn · yield · Manihot esculenta (cassava)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
paraquat · weed · Manihot esculenta (cassava)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
glyphosate · weed · Manihot esculenta (cassava)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.