Abstract
A two year (2024 and 2025) trial was conducted at the Teaching and Research farm of the Federal College of Education Obudu, (Bebi Campus) Cross River State. The main objective was to compare the efficacies of four (4) selected herbicides in controlling noxious/herbicide resistant weeds in cassava varieties. The design of the experiment was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) on a four by four (4 x 4) factorial layout. The main plot treatments were the cassava varieties; TMS. 60444, TMS. 30555, TMS. 30572 and TMS. 60506. The subplot treatments were the herbicide types; Paraquat, Glyphosate, Atrazine, and Ametryn, all applied at 3.0 kg/ha. Application was done two weeks after planting of the cassava varieties. Data for percentage establishment of cassava were taken at four (4) weeks after planting (4WAP). Herbicide toxicity (injury) on the cassava and the weed control efficiency were recorded six (6) weeks after planting (6WAP). Tuber yield in tons per hectare (t/ha) were recorded at six (6) months after planting (6MAP) all data generated were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the means were separated using Least Significant Difference (LSD) at 5 % level of probability. Results showed that herbicide toxicity rating on the cassava was higher in Atrazine> Glyphosate> Paraquat> Ametryn. Weed control efficiency rating of herbicides was Paraquat (97.40 %)> Glyphosate (85.87 %)> Ametryn (83.83 %)> Atrazine (62.07 %). The highest yields in t/ha were recorded in TMS. 30572 (4.30 t/ha) in application of Paraquat and (3.88 t/ha) in application of Glyphosate. Glyphosate and Ametryn gave significantly higher yields in almost all the varieties. Therefore it was recommended that Paraquat applied at 3.0 kg ai/ha should be the correct approach to dealing with noxious/herbicide resistant weeds. Two varieties of cassava TMS. 30572 and TMS. 30555 were also recommended to farmers.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide toxicity rating on cassava was higher for Atrazine than for Glyphosate, Paraquat and Ametryn.
- Taxon
- cassava
Manihot esculentat0 - Treatment
- herbicidee0
- Outcome
- herbicide toxicity ratinge0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“herbicide toxicity rating on the cassava was higher in Atrazine> Glyphosate> Paraquat> Ametryn”
t0“in cassava cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat gave the highest weed control efficiency at 97.40 %.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- Paraquate1
- Interactor
- herbicide resistant weedst1weed
- Outcome
- Weed control efficiencye1
- Direction
- higherinferrede1
- Value
- 97.40 %e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Weed control efficiency rating of herbicides was Paraquat (97.40 %)> Glyphosate (85.87 %)> Ametryn (83.83 %)> Atrazine (62.07 %)”
t1“controlling herbicide resistant weeds”
t0“in cassava cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate gave weed control efficiency of 85.87 %.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- Glyphosatee1
- Interactor
- herbicide resistant weedst1weed
- Outcome
- Weed control efficiencye1
- Direction
- lowerinferrede1
- Value
- 85.87 %e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Weed control efficiency rating of herbicides was Paraquat (97.40 %)> Glyphosate (85.87 %)> Ametryn (83.83 %)> Atrazine (62.07 %)”
t1“controlling herbicide resistant weeds”
t0“in cassava cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Ametryn gave weed control efficiency of 83.83 %.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- Ametryne1
- Interactor
- herbicide resistant weedst1weed
- Outcome
- Weed control efficiencye1
- Direction
- lowerinferrede1
- Value
- 83.83 %e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Weed control efficiency rating of herbicides was Paraquat (97.40 %)> Glyphosate (85.87 %)> Ametryn (83.83 %)> Atrazine (62.07 %)”
t1“controlling herbicide resistant weeds”
t0“in cassava cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine gave weed control efficiency of 62.07 %.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- Atrazinee1
- Interactor
- herbicide resistant weedst1weed
- Outcome
- Weed control efficiencye1
- Direction
- lowerinferrede1
- Value
- 62.07 %e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Weed control efficiency rating of herbicides was Paraquat (97.40 %)> Glyphosate (85.87 %)> Ametryn (83.83 %)> Atrazine (62.07 %)”
t1“controlling herbicide resistant weeds”
t0“in cassava cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Cassava TMS. 30572 gave the highest yield, 4.30 t/ha, under Paraquat.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Material
- TMS. 30572e2
- Treatment
- Paraquate2
- Outcome
- yieldse2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- 4.30 t/hae2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“The highest yields in t/ha were recorded in TMS. 30572 (4.30 t/ha) in application of Paraquat and (3.88 t/ha) in application of Glyphosate”
t0“in cassava cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Cassava yield of 3.88 t/ha was among the highest under Glyphosate application.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- Glyphosatee2
- Outcome
- yieldse2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- 3.88 t/hae2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“The highest yields in t/ha were recorded in TMS. 30572 (4.30 t/ha) in application of Paraquat and (3.88 t/ha) in application of Glyphosate”
t0“in cassava cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate and Ametryn gave significantly higher yields in almost all cassava varieties.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- Glyphosate and Ametryne3
- Outcome
- yieldse3
- Direction
- significantly highere3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Glyphosate and Ametryn gave significantly higher yields in almost all the varieties”
t0“in cassava cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat applied at 3.0 kg ai/ha is recommended as the approach to dealing with noxious and herbicide-resistant weeds in cassava.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- Paraquat applied at 3.0 kg ai/hae4
- Interactor
- noxious/herbicide resistant weedse4weed
- Outcome
- dealing with noxious/herbicide resistant weedse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Paraquat applied at 3.0 kg ai/ha should be the correct approach to dealing with noxious/herbicide resistant weeds”
t0“in cassava cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Cassava varieties TMS. 30572 and TMS. 30555 are recommended to farmers.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Material
- TMS. 30572 and TMS. 30555e5
- Outcome
- recommended to farmerse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Two varieties of cassava TMS. 30572 and TMS. 30555 were also recommended to farmers”
t0“in cassava cultivation”
The same questions in other papers
atrazine · weed · Manihot esculenta (cassava)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
paraquat · yield · Manihot esculenta (cassava)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
glyphosate · yield · Manihot esculenta (cassava)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →ametryn · weed · Manihot esculenta (cassava)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
ametryn · yield · Manihot esculenta (cassava)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
paraquat · weed · Manihot esculenta (cassava)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
glyphosate · weed · Manihot esculenta (cassava)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
herbicide · pest · Manihot esculenta (cassava)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.