Abstract
Extreme salinity is one of the most common environmental constraints with which legume/rhizobia symbionts must deal in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. In some areas, with good management, it has been economically possible to ameliorate the saline soil with calcium. The objective of this study, therefore, was to investigate calcium amelioration of salinity (sodicity) on nitrogen fixation, stomatal resistance, potassium/sodium ratio, and total nitrogen of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Seeds of snapbeans were grown in pots under green house conditions and were irrigated with NaCl concentrations of 0, 0.4, 0.8 or 1.2 S m-1 combined with CaS04 . 2H20 or CaCl2. 2H20 , each at concentrations of 0, 4, and 8 mM . The results show that increasing NaCl concentration decreased leaf water potential, total leaf chlorophyll, shoot and root dry weight, and nitrogen fixation but increased stomatal diffusive resistance. At the highest level of NaCl, addition of CaS04to NaCl increased leaf water potential via increasing stomatal diffusive resistance. Such effects were not observed with the addition of CaCl2 to NaCl. Addition of CaS04 to all levels of NaCl increased total leaf chlorophyll. The shoot and root dry weight and nitrogen fixation was also increased when CaS04 was added to 0.4 and 0.8 S m-1 NaCl. Again, such effects were not observed with the addition of CaCl2 to NaCl. Furthermore, analysis of leaf mineral composition showed that leaf Ca2+ , Mg2+ and K+ were increased with each increase in NaCl concentration, whereas the K+/ Na+ ratio was decreased. Also, the total leaf nitrogen increased with 0.4 and 1.2 S m-1 NaCl as well as with all levels of CaS04. Neither CaS04 nor CaCl2 had any significant effect on leaf K+, Na+, or Mg2+ of the plant when they were added to different levels of NaCl. However, leaf Ca2+ increased with an increase in concentration of CaS04 or CaCl2, but only CaS04 exhibited an interaction when combined with NaCl. Speciation modeling showed that a considerable amount of S04 was complexed as the CaS04° and NaS04- species. In spite of this, CaS04 treatment had ameliorating effect on NaCl induced salinity symptoms in snapbeans.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing NaCl concentration decreased leaf water potential and total leaf chlorophyll of snapbean.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Material
- snapbeanse0
- Treatment
- increasing NaCl concentratione1
- Outcome
- leaf water potential, total leaf chlorophylle1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Setting
- green house conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Calcium Amelioration of Salinity (Sodicity) on Nitrogen Fixation, Stomatal Resistance, Potassium/Sodium Ratio and Total Nitrogen of Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
e0“Seeds of snapbeans were grown in pots under green house conditions”
e1“increasing NaCl concentration decreased leaf water potential, total leaf chlorophyll, shoot and root dry weight, and nitrogen fixation but increased stomatal diffusive resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing NaCl concentration decreased shoot and root dry weight of snapbean.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- increasing NaCl concentratione1
- Outcome
- shoot and root dry weighte1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Calcium Amelioration of Salinity (Sodicity) on Nitrogen Fixation, Stomatal Resistance, Potassium/Sodium Ratio and Total Nitrogen of Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
e1“increasing NaCl concentration decreased leaf water potential, total leaf chlorophyll, shoot and root dry weight, and nitrogen fixation but increased stomatal diffusive resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing NaCl concentration decreased nitrogen fixation of snapbean.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- increasing NaCl concentratione1
- Outcome
- nitrogen fixatione1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Calcium Amelioration of Salinity (Sodicity) on Nitrogen Fixation, Stomatal Resistance, Potassium/Sodium Ratio and Total Nitrogen of Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
e1“increasing NaCl concentration decreased leaf water potential, total leaf chlorophyll, shoot and root dry weight, and nitrogen fixation but increased stomatal diffusive resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing NaCl concentration increased stomatal diffusive resistance of snapbean.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- increasing NaCl concentratione1
- Outcome
- stomatal diffusive resistancee1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Calcium Amelioration of Salinity (Sodicity) on Nitrogen Fixation, Stomatal Resistance, Potassium/Sodium Ratio and Total Nitrogen of Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
e1“increasing NaCl concentration decreased leaf water potential, total leaf chlorophyll, shoot and root dry weight, and nitrogen fixation but increased stomatal diffusive resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
At the highest NaCl level, adding CaSO4 increased leaf water potential of snapbean via increased stomatal diffusive resistance.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- addition of CaS04to NaCle2
- Outcome
- leaf water potentiale2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- via increasing stomatal diffusive resistancee2
- Comparator
- highest level of NaCle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Calcium Amelioration of Salinity (Sodicity) on Nitrogen Fixation, Stomatal Resistance, Potassium/Sodium Ratio and Total Nitrogen of Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
e2“At the highest level of NaCl, addition of CaS04to NaCl increased leaf water potential via increasing stomatal diffusive resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding CaCl2 to NaCl did not produce the leaf water potential increase seen with CaSO4.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- addition of CaCl2 to NaCle3
- Outcome
- leaf water potentiale2
- Direction
- not observede3
- Comparator
- NaCle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Calcium Amelioration of Salinity (Sodicity) on Nitrogen Fixation, Stomatal Resistance, Potassium/Sodium Ratio and Total Nitrogen of Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
e2“At the highest level of NaCl, addition of CaS04to NaCl increased leaf water potential via increasing stomatal diffusive resistance”
e3“Such effects were not observed with the addition of CaCl2 to NaCl”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding CaSO4 to all NaCl levels increased total leaf chlorophyll of snapbean.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Addition of CaS04 to all levels of NaCle4
- Outcome
- total leaf chlorophylle4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Calcium Amelioration of Salinity (Sodicity) on Nitrogen Fixation, Stomatal Resistance, Potassium/Sodium Ratio and Total Nitrogen of Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
e4“Addition of CaS04 to all levels of NaCl increased total leaf chlorophyll”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding CaSO4 to 0.4 and 0.8 S m-1 NaCl increased shoot and root dry weight and nitrogen fixation of snapbean.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- CaS04 was added to 0.4 and 0.8 S m-1 NaCle5
- Outcome
- shoot and root dry weight and nitrogen fixatione5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Calcium Amelioration of Salinity (Sodicity) on Nitrogen Fixation, Stomatal Resistance, Potassium/Sodium Ratio and Total Nitrogen of Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
e5“The shoot and root dry weight and nitrogen fixation was also increased when CaS04 was added to 0.4 and 0.8 S m-1 NaCl”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding CaCl2 to NaCl did not change shoot and root dry weight or nitrogen fixation of snapbean.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- addition of CaCl2 to NaCle6
- Outcome
- shoot and root dry weight and nitrogen fixatione5
- Direction
- not observede6
- Comparator
- NaCle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Calcium Amelioration of Salinity (Sodicity) on Nitrogen Fixation, Stomatal Resistance, Potassium/Sodium Ratio and Total Nitrogen of Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
e5“The shoot and root dry weight and nitrogen fixation was also increased when CaS04 was added to 0.4 and 0.8 S m-1 NaCl”
e6“Again, such effects were not observed with the addition of CaCl2 to NaCl”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing NaCl concentration increased leaf Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+ of snapbean.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- increase in NaCl concentratione7
- Outcome
- leaf Ca2+ , Mg2+ and K+e7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Calcium Amelioration of Salinity (Sodicity) on Nitrogen Fixation, Stomatal Resistance, Potassium/Sodium Ratio and Total Nitrogen of Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
e7“leaf Ca2+ , Mg2+ and K+ were increased with each increase in NaCl concentration, whereas the K+/ Na+ ratio was decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing NaCl concentration decreased the leaf K+/Na+ ratio of snapbean.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- increase in NaCl concentratione7
- Outcome
- K+/ Na+ ratioe7
- Direction
- decreasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Calcium Amelioration of Salinity (Sodicity) on Nitrogen Fixation, Stomatal Resistance, Potassium/Sodium Ratio and Total Nitrogen of Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
e7“leaf Ca2+ , Mg2+ and K+ were increased with each increase in NaCl concentration, whereas the K+/ Na+ ratio was decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Total leaf nitrogen of snapbean increased at 0.4 and 1.2 S m-1 NaCl and at all CaSO4 levels.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 0.4 and 1.2 S m-1 NaCle1
- Outcome
- total leaf nitrogene1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Calcium Amelioration of Salinity (Sodicity) on Nitrogen Fixation, Stomatal Resistance, Potassium/Sodium Ratio and Total Nitrogen of Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
e1“the total leaf nitrogen increased with 0.4 and 1.2 S m-1 NaCl as well as with all levels of CaS04”
Claim · model-written summary
CaSO4 and CaCl2 had no significant effect on leaf K+, Na+ or Mg2+ of snapbean at any NaCl level.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- CaS04 nor CaCl2e1
- Outcome
- leaf K+, Na+, or Mg2+e1
- Direction
- had any significant effecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Calcium Amelioration of Salinity (Sodicity) on Nitrogen Fixation, Stomatal Resistance, Potassium/Sodium Ratio and Total Nitrogen of Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
e1“Neither CaS04 nor CaCl2 had any significant effect on leaf K+, Na+, or Mg2+ of the plant when they were added to different levels of NaCl”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf Ca2+ of snapbean increased with increasing CaSO4 or CaCl2 concentration.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- an increase in concentration of CaS04 or CaCl2e1
- Outcome
- leaf Ca2+e1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Calcium Amelioration of Salinity (Sodicity) on Nitrogen Fixation, Stomatal Resistance, Potassium/Sodium Ratio and Total Nitrogen of Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
e1“leaf Ca2+ increased with an increase in concentration of CaS04 or CaCl2, but only CaS04 exhibited an interaction when combined with NaCl”
Claim · model-written summary
Only CaSO4 showed an interaction with NaCl on leaf Ca2+ of snapbean.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- CaS04e1
- Outcome
- leaf Ca2+e1
- Direction
- exhibited an interactione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Calcium Amelioration of Salinity (Sodicity) on Nitrogen Fixation, Stomatal Resistance, Potassium/Sodium Ratio and Total Nitrogen of Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
e1“leaf Ca2+ increased with an increase in concentration of CaS04 or CaCl2, but only CaS04 exhibited an interaction when combined with NaCl”
Claim · model-written summary
Speciation modelling indicates that a considerable amount of sulphate was complexed as CaSO4 and NaSO4 species in the solution.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- a considerable amount of S04e1
- Qualifier
- complexed as the CaS04° and NaS04- speciese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Calcium Amelioration of Salinity (Sodicity) on Nitrogen Fixation, Stomatal Resistance, Potassium/Sodium Ratio and Total Nitrogen of Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
e1“Speciation modeling showed that a considerable amount of S04 was complexed as the CaS04° and NaS04- species”
Claim · model-written summary
CaSO4 treatment ameliorated NaCl-induced salinity symptoms in snapbean.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Material
- snapbeanse1
- Treatment
- CaS04 treatmente1
- Outcome
- salinity symptomse1
- Direction
- ameliorating effecte1
- Comparator
- NaCl induced salinitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Calcium Amelioration of Salinity (Sodicity) on Nitrogen Fixation, Stomatal Resistance, Potassium/Sodium Ratio and Total Nitrogen of Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
e1“CaS04 treatment had ameliorating effect on NaCl induced salinity symptoms in snapbeans”
The same questions in other papers
sodium chloride · physiology: pigments · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results differ
9 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →sodium chloride · growth · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results differ
37 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
39 papers more in this group
See all 43 papers →sodium chloride · symbiosis · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
sodium chloride · physiology: water · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
6 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →sodium chloride · nutrient: content · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →calcium chloride dihydrate · physiology: ion balance · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
sodium chloride · disease · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- no effect
sodium chloride · physiology: ion balance · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.