Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is one of the strongest candidates to be used as a salinity moderator. A hydroponic experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of foliar application of SA (0.00, 0.75 and 1.50 mM) on growth, productivity, and some physiological and biochemical parameters of French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) continuously exposed to three NaCl levels (0, 50 and 100 mM). NaCl treatment significantly reduced vegetative growth parameters (between 16–50%), membrane stability (10–15%), relative water content (25–31%), chlorophyll content (21–42%), macro- and micronutrient levels (13–52% and 4–49%, respectively), growth promoters (auxins, gibberellins, and cytokinins; 11–28%), and yield of green pods (22–39%), while the phenolic compounds contents (35–55%), total antioxidant capacity (34–51%), proline (60–100%) and malondialdehyde (18–51%) contents, peroxidase activity (35–41%), Na+ (122–152%) and Cl− (170%) ions and abscisic acid (20–30%) contents were significantly increased compared to the non-salt-stressed controls. Foliar application of SA at 0.75 mM was able to overcome the adverse effects of NaCl stress to variable extent, which allowed for close to 90% of the yield of control plants to be reached. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that foliar spraying of SA helped to reduce the harmful effects of NaCl stress on French bean via regulation of some physiological and biochemical processes. This could be the basis of an effective and low-cost strategy to cope with salt stress.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl reduced vegetative growth parameters of French bean by 16–50%
- Taxon
- French beans
Phaseolus vulgarise2 - Treatment
- NaCl treatmente0
- Outcome
- vegetative growth parameterse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 16–50%e0
- Comparator
- non-salt-stressed controlse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl treatment significantly reduced vegetative growth parameters (between 16–50%)”
e1“compared to the non-salt-stressed controls”
e2“French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl reduced membrane stability of French bean by 10–15%
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarise2
- Treatment
- NaCl treatmente0
- Outcome
- membrane stabilitye3
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 10–15%e3
- Comparator
- non-salt-stressed controlse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl treatment significantly reduced vegetative growth parameters (between 16–50%)”
e1“compared to the non-salt-stressed controls”
e2“French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e3“membrane stability (10–15%)”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl reduced relative water content of French bean by 25–31%
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarise2
- Treatment
- NaCl treatmente0
- Outcome
- relative water contente3
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 25–31%e3
- Comparator
- non-salt-stressed controlse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl treatment significantly reduced vegetative growth parameters (between 16–50%)”
e1“compared to the non-salt-stressed controls”
e2“French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e3“relative water content (25–31%)”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl reduced chlorophyll content of French bean by 21–42%
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarise2
- Treatment
- NaCl treatmente0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente3
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 21–42%e3
- Comparator
- non-salt-stressed controlse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl treatment significantly reduced vegetative growth parameters (between 16–50%)”
e1“compared to the non-salt-stressed controls”
e2“French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e3“chlorophyll content (21–42%)”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl reduced macronutrient levels of French bean by 13–52%
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarise2
- Treatment
- NaCl treatmente0
- Outcome
- macro- and micronutrient levelse3
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 13–52%e3
- Comparator
- non-salt-stressed controlse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl treatment significantly reduced vegetative growth parameters (between 16–50%)”
e1“compared to the non-salt-stressed controls”
e2“French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e3“macro- and micronutrient levels (13–52% and 4–49%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl reduced micronutrient levels of French bean by 4–49%
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarise2
- Treatment
- NaCl treatmente0
- Outcome
- macro- and micronutrient levelse3
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 4–49%e3
- Comparator
- non-salt-stressed controlse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl treatment significantly reduced vegetative growth parameters (between 16–50%)”
e1“compared to the non-salt-stressed controls”
e2“French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e3“macro- and micronutrient levels (13–52% and 4–49%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl reduced growth promoters (auxins, gibberellins and cytokinins) of French bean by 11–28%
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarise2
- Treatment
- NaCl treatmente0
- Outcome
- growth promoterse3
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 11–28%e3
- Qualifier
- auxins, gibberellins, and cytokininse3
- Comparator
- non-salt-stressed controlse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl treatment significantly reduced vegetative growth parameters (between 16–50%)”
e1“compared to the non-salt-stressed controls”
e2“French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e3“growth promoters (auxins, gibberellins, and cytokinins; 11–28%)”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl reduced yield of green pods of French bean by 22–39%
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarise2
- Treatment
- NaCl treatmente0
- Outcome
- yield of green podse3
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 22–39%e3
- Comparator
- non-salt-stressed controlse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl treatment significantly reduced vegetative growth parameters (between 16–50%)”
e1“compared to the non-salt-stressed controls”
e2“French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e3“yield of green pods (22–39%)”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl increased phenolic compounds contents of French bean by 35–55%
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarise2
- Treatment
- NaCl treatmente0
- Outcome
- phenolic compounds contentse4
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 35–55%e4
- Comparator
- non-salt-stressed controlse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl treatment significantly reduced vegetative growth parameters (between 16–50%)”
e1“compared to the non-salt-stressed controls”
e2“French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e3“were significantly increased”
e4“the phenolic compounds contents (35–55%)”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl increased total antioxidant capacity of French bean by 34–51%
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarise2
- Treatment
- NaCl treatmente0
- Outcome
- total antioxidant capacitye4
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 34–51%e4
- Comparator
- non-salt-stressed controlse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl treatment significantly reduced vegetative growth parameters (between 16–50%)”
e1“compared to the non-salt-stressed controls”
e2“French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e3“were significantly increased”
e4“total antioxidant capacity (34–51%)”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl increased proline of French bean by 60–100%
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarise2
- Treatment
- NaCl treatmente0
- Outcome
- prolinee4
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 60–100%e4
- Comparator
- non-salt-stressed controlse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl treatment significantly reduced vegetative growth parameters (between 16–50%)”
e1“compared to the non-salt-stressed controls”
e2“French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e3“were significantly increased”
e4“proline (60–100%)”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl increased malondialdehyde contents of French bean by 18–51%
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarise2
- Treatment
- NaCl treatmente0
- Outcome
- malondialdehydee4
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 18–51%e4
- Comparator
- non-salt-stressed controlse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl treatment significantly reduced vegetative growth parameters (between 16–50%)”
e1“compared to the non-salt-stressed controls”
e2“French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e3“were significantly increased”
e4“malondialdehyde (18–51%) contents”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl increased peroxidase activity of French bean by 35–41%
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarise2
- Treatment
- NaCl treatmente0
- Outcome
- peroxidase activitye4
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 35–41%e4
- Comparator
- non-salt-stressed controlse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl treatment significantly reduced vegetative growth parameters (between 16–50%)”
e1“compared to the non-salt-stressed controls”
e2“French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e3“were significantly increased”
e4“peroxidase activity (35–41%)”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl increased Na+ of French bean by 122–152%
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarise2
- Treatment
- NaCl treatmente0
- Outcome
- Na+e4
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 122–152%e4
- Comparator
- non-salt-stressed controlse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl treatment significantly reduced vegetative growth parameters (between 16–50%)”
e1“compared to the non-salt-stressed controls”
e2“French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e3“were significantly increased”
e4“Na+ (122–152%)”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl increased Cl− of French bean by 170%
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarise2
- Treatment
- NaCl treatmente0
- Outcome
- Cl−e4
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 170%e4
- Comparator
- non-salt-stressed controlse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl treatment significantly reduced vegetative growth parameters (between 16–50%)”
e1“compared to the non-salt-stressed controls”
e2“French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e3“were significantly increased”
e4“Cl− (170%) ions”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl increased abscisic acid contents of French bean by 20–30%
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarise2
- Treatment
- NaCl treatmente0
- Outcome
- abscisic acide4
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 20–30%e4
- Comparator
- non-salt-stressed controlse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl treatment significantly reduced vegetative growth parameters (between 16–50%)”
e1“compared to the non-salt-stressed controls”
e2“French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e3“were significantly increased”
e4“abscisic acid (20–30%) contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar salicylic acid at 0.75 mM allowed French bean under NaCl stress to reach close to 90% of control yield
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarise2
- Treatment
- Foliar application of SA at 0.75 mMe5
- Outcome
- yielde6
- Value
- close to 90%e6
- Comparator
- control plantse6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e5“Foliar application of SA at 0.75 mM”
e6“which allowed for close to 90% of the yield of control plants to be reached”
The same questions in other papers
sodium chloride · physiology: pigments · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results differ
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- negative
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →sodium chloride · growth · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results differ
37 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
39 papers more in this group
See all 43 papers →sodium chloride · physiology: water · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →sodium chloride · nutrient: content · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →salicylic acid · yield · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →sodium chloride · physiology: oxidative · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →sodium chloride · yield · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
11 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →application · yield · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
109 papers in the same direction as this paper · 15 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
121 papers more in this group
See all 125 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.