Abstract
Weeds are the most important problem in strawberry farms of Kurdistan and in weedy farms four to five times hand weeding are conducted by farmers. Weeds may affect strawberry growth and production in several different ways. They compete with strawberry plants for water, minerals, and sunlightincrease pressures from disease, nematodes, and insectsand reduce berry quality. The important common weeds in strawberry farms of Kurdistan are Convolvolus arvensis, Sorghum halepens, Vicia spp., Gallium tricopne, Allium ampeloprasum, Cynodon ductylon, Lamium amplexicaule, Setaria sp., Capsella bursa pastoris, Geranium spp., Erodium cicutarium. In order to evaluation various weed control methods in strawberry farm s conditions of Kurdestan 6 integrated treatments were compared with weeded and no weeded checks during 2 years in randomized complete blocks basis. The treatments are included: Wheat straw mulch. Black polyethylene mulch. 2,4-D (1.5 l/h in early spring) + Sethoxydim (EC12.5%) (3 l/h in 3-4 leaf stage of gtasses). Chlorthal dimethyl(Wp75%) (12 kg/h in early spring). Phenmedipham(EC17.7%) (6 l/h in spring after weeds growing) + Sethoxydim (EC12.5%) (3 l/h in 3-4 leaf stage of gtasses). Napropamide (SC 44.4%) (2 l/h in early spring before weeds emergence). Our results indicated that black polyethylene and wheat straw mulches were the most efficient respectively in weed control but they reduced strawberry yield. Black polyethylene suppressed prevalent perennial and annual weed but wheat straw controlled annuals only. Napropamide(SC44.4%) and Phenmedipham(EC17.7%) reduced fresh weight of weeds significantly. 2,4-D (1.5 l/h in early spring) + Sethoxydim (EC12.5%) and Chlorthal dimethyl(Wp75%) decreased fresh weed weights too, but they were not significant and they placed in a intermediate group between no weeded check group (highest level of weed population) and mulches group (lowest level of weed population). Comparisons of yields of various treatment in Duncan s multiple range test, showed that Napropamide(SC44.4%), Phenmedipham(EC17.7%), Chlorthal dimethyl(Wp75%) and 2,4-D (1.5 l/h in early spring) + Sethoxydim (EC12.5%) were efficient as same as weeded check, however the 2 latest treatment were less. No treatments controlled convovolus arvensisis and Sorghum halepens but did about others.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Black polyethylene mulch was the most efficient treatment for weed control in strawberry.
- Taxon
- Strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Treatment
- black polyethylenee1
- Outcome
- weed controle1
- Direction
- most efficiente1
- Setting
- farms of Kurdistane0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Evaluation of weed Control Methods in Strawberry Farms”
e0“Weeds are the most important problem in strawberry farms of Kurdistan”
e1“black polyethylene and wheat straw mulches were the most efficient respectively in weed control but they reduced strawberry yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat straw mulch was the most efficient treatment for weed control in strawberry.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- wheat straw mulchese1
- Outcome
- weed controle1
- Direction
- most efficiente1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Evaluation of weed Control Methods in Strawberry Farms”
e1“black polyethylene and wheat straw mulches were the most efficient respectively in weed control but they reduced strawberry yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Black polyethylene mulch reduced strawberry yield.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- black polyethylenee1
- Outcome
- strawberry yielde1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Evaluation of weed Control Methods in Strawberry Farms”
e1“black polyethylene and wheat straw mulches were the most efficient respectively in weed control but they reduced strawberry yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat straw mulch reduced strawberry yield.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- wheat straw mulchese1
- Outcome
- strawberry yielde1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Evaluation of weed Control Methods in Strawberry Farms”
e1“black polyethylene and wheat straw mulches were the most efficient respectively in weed control but they reduced strawberry yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Black polyethylene mulch suppressed prevalent perennial and annual weeds in strawberry.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Black polyethylenee2
- Outcome
- prevalent perennial and annual weede2
- Direction
- suppressede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Evaluation of weed Control Methods in Strawberry Farms”
e2“Black polyethylene suppressed prevalent perennial and annual weed but wheat straw controlled annuals only”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat straw mulch controlled annual weeds only in strawberry.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- wheat strawe2
- Outcome
- annualse2
- Direction
- controllede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Evaluation of weed Control Methods in Strawberry Farms”
e2“Black polyethylene suppressed prevalent perennial and annual weed but wheat straw controlled annuals only”
Claim · model-written summary
Napropamide significantly reduced fresh weight of weeds in strawberry.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Napropamidee3
- Outcome
- fresh weight of weedse3
- Direction
- reducede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Evaluation of weed Control Methods in Strawberry Farms”
e3“Napropamide(SC44.4%) and Phenmedipham(EC17.7%) reduced fresh weight of weeds significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenmedipham significantly reduced fresh weight of weeds in strawberry.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Phenmediphame3
- Outcome
- fresh weight of weedse3
- Direction
- reducede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Evaluation of weed Control Methods in Strawberry Farms”
e3“Napropamide(SC44.4%) and Phenmedipham(EC17.7%) reduced fresh weight of weeds significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D with Sethoxydim decreased fresh weed weights in strawberry, not significantly.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- 2,4-De4
- Outcome
- fresh weed weightse4
- Direction
- decreasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Evaluation of weed Control Methods in Strawberry Farms”
e4“2,4-D (1.5 l/h in early spring) + Sethoxydim (EC12.5%) and Chlorthal dimethyl(Wp75%) decreased fresh weed weights too, but they were not significant”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorthal dimethyl decreased fresh weed weights in strawberry, not significantly.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Chlorthal dimethyle4
- Outcome
- fresh weed weightse4
- Direction
- decreasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Evaluation of weed Control Methods in Strawberry Farms”
e4“2,4-D (1.5 l/h in early spring) + Sethoxydim (EC12.5%) and Chlorthal dimethyl(Wp75%) decreased fresh weed weights too, but they were not significant”
Claim · model-written summary
Napropamide gave strawberry yield as efficient as the weeded check.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Napropamidee5
- Outcome
- yieldse5
- Direction
- efficient as same ase5
- Comparator
- weeded checke5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Evaluation of weed Control Methods in Strawberry Farms”
e5“Comparisons of yields of various treatment in Duncan s multiple range test, showed that Napropamide(SC44.4%), Phenmedipham(EC17.7%), Chlorthal dimethyl(Wp75%) and 2,4-D (1.5 l/h in early spring) + Sethoxydim (EC12.5%) were efficient as same as weeded check, however the 2 latest treatment were less”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenmedipham gave strawberry yield as efficient as the weeded check.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Phenmediphame5
- Outcome
- yieldse5
- Direction
- efficient as same ase5
- Comparator
- weeded checke5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Evaluation of weed Control Methods in Strawberry Farms”
e5“Comparisons of yields of various treatment in Duncan s multiple range test, showed that Napropamide(SC44.4%), Phenmedipham(EC17.7%), Chlorthal dimethyl(Wp75%) and 2,4-D (1.5 l/h in early spring) + Sethoxydim (EC12.5%) were efficient as same as weeded check, however the 2 latest treatment were less”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorthal dimethyl gave lower strawberry yield than the weeded check.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Chlorthal dimethyle5
- Outcome
- yieldse5
- Direction
- lesse5
- Comparator
- weeded checke5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Evaluation of weed Control Methods in Strawberry Farms”
e5“Comparisons of yields of various treatment in Duncan s multiple range test, showed that Napropamide(SC44.4%), Phenmedipham(EC17.7%), Chlorthal dimethyl(Wp75%) and 2,4-D (1.5 l/h in early spring) + Sethoxydim (EC12.5%) were efficient as same as weeded check, however the 2 latest treatment were less”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D with Sethoxydim gave lower strawberry yield than the weeded check.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- 2,4-De5
- Outcome
- yieldse5
- Direction
- lesse5
- Comparator
- weeded checke5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Evaluation of weed Control Methods in Strawberry Farms”
e5“Comparisons of yields of various treatment in Duncan s multiple range test, showed that Napropamide(SC44.4%), Phenmedipham(EC17.7%), Chlorthal dimethyl(Wp75%) and 2,4-D (1.5 l/h in early spring) + Sethoxydim (EC12.5%) were efficient as same as weeded check, however the 2 latest treatment were less”
Claim · model-written summary
No treatment controlled convovolus arvensisis or Sorghum halepens in strawberry, though treatments controlled other weeds.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Interactor
- convovolus arvensisise6weed
- Second interactor
- Sorghum halepense6weed
- Outcome
- controllede6
- Qualifier
- but did about otherse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Evaluation of weed Control Methods in Strawberry Farms”
e6“No treatments controlled convovolus arvensisis and Sorghum halepens but did about others”
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