Abstract
Experiments were conducted in North Carolina in winter/spring 1992, 1993, and 1994 to determine crop tolerance, weed response, and clopyralid residue levels in fruit of ‘Chandler’ strawberry plants treated with clopyralid. Clopyralid at 0.07, 0.14, 0.20, or 0.28 kg ai ha −1 applied POST over strawberry plants and vetch resulted in 100% control of vetch species, 49 to 83% control of black medic, and less than 6% crop injury. As a comparison, 2,4-D at 0.84 kg ai ha −1 applied POST at 5 to 10% strawberry bloom resulted in 50% control of black medic and 48 to 73% crop injury, while 2,4-D at 0.84 kg ai ha −1 applied POST to 7- to 9- and 9- to 10-leaf strawberries resulted in 5 to 22% crop injury and no adverse affect on strawberry yield. Single applications of clopyralid at 0.07, 0.14, or 0.28 kg ai ha −1 applied POST to weed-free strawberries at the 5- to 6-, 6- to 7-, 9- to 10-, or 12- to 14-leaf stage caused less than 6% injury and did not adversely affect strawberry yield. In 1993 with preharvest intervals (PHI) of 39, 66, and 101 d after treatment all clopyralid residue levels in strawberry fruit were below the detectable level of 0.3 parts per billion (ppb). In 1994, with PHI of 30, 59, and 87 d after treatment trace clopyralid residues were found in strawberry fruit with a range from 0.25 to 1.9 ppb, with a level of detection of 0.2 ppb.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Clopyralid controlled vetch species completely.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassae0 - Treatment
- Clopyralid at 0.07, 0.14, 0.20, or 0.28 kg ai ha −1e0
- Interactor
- vetch speciese0weed
- Outcome
- control of vetch speciese0
- Value
- 100%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Clopyralid at 0.07, 0.14, 0.20, or 0.28 kg ai ha −1 applied POST over strawberry plants and vetch resulted in 100% control of vetch species, 49 to 83% control of black medic, and less than 6% crop injury.”
Claim · model-written summary
Clopyralid controlled black medic by 49 to 83%.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- Clopyralid at 0.07, 0.14, 0.20, or 0.28 kg ai ha −1e0
- Interactor
- black medice0weed
- Outcome
- control of black medice0
- Value
- 49 to 83%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Clopyralid at 0.07, 0.14, 0.20, or 0.28 kg ai ha −1 applied POST over strawberry plants and vetch resulted in 100% control of vetch species, 49 to 83% control of black medic, and less than 6% crop injury.”
Claim · model-written summary
Clopyralid caused less than 6% strawberry crop injury.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- Clopyralid at 0.07, 0.14, 0.20, or 0.28 kg ai ha −1e0
- Outcome
- crop injurye0
- Value
- less than 6%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Clopyralid at 0.07, 0.14, 0.20, or 0.28 kg ai ha −1 applied POST over strawberry plants and vetch resulted in 100% control of vetch species, 49 to 83% control of black medic, and less than 6% crop injury.”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D controlled black medic by 50%.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- 2,4-D at 0.84 kg ai ha −1e0
- Interactor
- black medice0weed
- Outcome
- control of black medice0
- Value
- 50%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2,4-D at 0.84 kg ai ha −1 applied POST at 5 to 10% strawberry bloom resulted in 50% control of black medic and 48 to 73% crop injury”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D at strawberry bloom caused 48 to 73% crop injury.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Organ / stage
- strawberry bloome0
- Treatment
- 2,4-D at 0.84 kg ai ha −1e0
- Outcome
- crop injurye0
- Value
- 48 to 73%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2,4-D at 0.84 kg ai ha −1 applied POST at 5 to 10% strawberry bloom resulted in 50% control of black medic and 48 to 73% crop injury”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D at leaf stages caused 5 to 22% crop injury.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- 2,4-D at 0.84 kg ai ha −1e0
- Outcome
- crop injurye0
- Value
- 5 to 22%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2,4-D at 0.84 kg ai ha −1 applied POST to 7- to 9- and 9- to 10-leaf strawberries resulted in 5 to 22% crop injury and no adverse affect on strawberry yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D at leaf stages had no adverse effect on strawberry yield.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- 2,4-D at 0.84 kg ai ha −1e0
- Outcome
- strawberry yielde0
- Direction
- no adverse affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2,4-D at 0.84 kg ai ha −1 applied POST to 7- to 9- and 9- to 10-leaf strawberries resulted in 5 to 22% crop injury and no adverse affect on strawberry yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Clopyralid on weed-free strawberry caused less than 6% injury.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- clopyralid at 0.07, 0.14, or 0.28 kg ai ha −1e0
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Value
- less than 6%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Single applications of clopyralid at 0.07, 0.14, or 0.28 kg ai ha −1 applied POST to weed-free strawberries at the 5- to 6-, 6- to 7-, 9- to 10-, or 12- to 14-leaf stage caused less than 6% injury and did not adversely affect strawberry yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Clopyralid did not adversely affect strawberry yield.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- clopyralid at 0.07, 0.14, or 0.28 kg ai ha −1e0
- Outcome
- strawberry yielde0
- Direction
- did not adversely affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Single applications of clopyralid at 0.07, 0.14, or 0.28 kg ai ha −1 applied POST to weed-free strawberries at the 5- to 6-, 6- to 7-, 9- to 10-, or 12- to 14-leaf stage caused less than 6% injury and did not adversely affect strawberry yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1993, clopyralid residues in strawberry fruit were below detection.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Outcome
- clopyralid residue levels in strawberry fruite0
- Value
- 0.3 parts per billion (ppb)e0
- Qualifier
- below the detectable levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1993 with preharvest intervals (PHI) of 39, 66, and 101 d after treatment all clopyralid residue levels in strawberry fruit were below the detectable level of 0.3 parts per billion (ppb).”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1994, trace clopyralid residues in strawberry fruit ranged from 0.25 to 1.9 ppb.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Outcome
- clopyralid residues were found in strawberry fruite0
- Value
- 0.25 to 1.9 ppbe0
- Qualifier
- level of detection of 0.2 ppbe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1994, with PHI of 30, 59, and 87 d after treatment trace clopyralid residues were found in strawberry fruit with a range from 0.25 to 1.9 ppb, with a level of detection of 0.2 ppb.”
The same questions in other papers
clopyralid · crop injury · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
clopyralid · yield · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
2,4-D · yield · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
2,4-D · crop injury · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.