Abstract
This investigation systematically evaluated the effect of low (10 mg/L) and high (50 mg/L) concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), combined with 3 mg/L 2iP, on callus induction from shoot tip explants of Barhi date palm cv. The induced calli were used to establish an indirect somatic embryogenesis (ISE) system on MS medium supplemented with different plant growth regulator (PGR) formulations. Genetic stability was assessed using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Callus induced with low 2,4-D (C1) concentration exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) superior morphogenic competence, yielding a higher fresh weight (FW) of callus at both the induction (0.290 g/jar) and regeneration (0.475 g/jar) stages, more somatic embryos (100% frequency, 8/explant), and enhanced regeneration capacity compared to callus induced by high 2,4-D (C2). Regenerants from C1 displayed superior bud germination (6.2/explant), shoot proliferation (7/explant) and elongation (6.7 cm), as well as root induction (5.6/shoot) and elongation (6.3 cm). Plantlets were successfully acclimatized, achieving an 88.5% survival rate. ISSR analysis confirmed 97.5% of genetic fidelity among all regenerants. These results indicate that a lower 2,4-D concentration (10 mg/L) enhances callus vigor and subsequent organogenesis, facilitating a highly efficient and genetically stable ISE protocol for date palm micropropagation.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Low 2,4-D produced 0.290 g/jar callus fresh weight at induction, above high 2,4-D.
- Taxon
- date palm
Phoenix dactyliferat0 - Organ / stage
- inductione0
- Treatment
- low 2,4-D (C1)e0
- Outcome
- fresh weight (FW) of calluse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 0.290 g/jare0
- Comparator
- high 2,4-D (C2)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Callus induced with low 2,4-D (C1) concentration exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) superior morphogenic competence, yielding a higher fresh weight (FW) of callus at both the induction (0.290 g/jar) and regeneration (0.475 g/jar) stages, more somatic embryos (100% frequency, 8/explant), and enhanced regeneration capacity compared to callus induced by high 2,4-D (C2).”
t0“date palm”
Claim · model-written summary
Low 2,4-D produced 0.475 g/jar callus fresh weight at regeneration, above high 2,4-D.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Organ / stage
- regeneratione0
- Treatment
- low 2,4-D (C1)e0
- Outcome
- fresh weight (FW) of calluse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 0.475 g/jare0
- Comparator
- high 2,4-D (C2)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Callus induced with low 2,4-D (C1) concentration exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) superior morphogenic competence, yielding a higher fresh weight (FW) of callus at both the induction (0.290 g/jar) and regeneration (0.475 g/jar) stages, more somatic embryos (100% frequency, 8/explant), and enhanced regeneration capacity compared to callus induced by high 2,4-D (C2).”
t0“date palm”
Claim · model-written summary
Low 2,4-D gave 100% somatic embryo frequency.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Outcome
- somatic embryose0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Comparator
- high 2,4-D (C2)e0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“more somatic embryos (100% frequency, 8/explant), and enhanced regeneration capacity compared to callus induced by high 2,4-D (C2).”
t0“date palm”
Claim · model-written summary
Low 2,4-D yielded eight somatic embryos per explant.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Outcome
- somatic embryose0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 8/explante0
- Comparator
- high 2,4-D (C2)e0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“more somatic embryos (100% frequency, 8/explant), and enhanced regeneration capacity compared to callus induced by high 2,4-D (C2).”
t0“date palm”
Claim · model-written summary
Low 2,4-D enhanced regeneration capacity compared with high 2,4-D.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Outcome
- regeneration capacitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- high 2,4-D (C2)e0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced regeneration capacity compared to callus induced by high 2,4-D (C2).”
t0“date palm”
Claim · model-written summary
C1 regenerants showed 6.2 bud germinations per explant.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Material
- C1e0
- Outcome
- bud germinatione0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Value
- 6.2/explante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regenerants from C1 displayed superior bud germination (6.2/explant), shoot proliferation (7/explant) and elongation (6.7 cm), as well as root induction (5.6/shoot) and elongation (6.3 cm).”
t0“date palm”
Claim · model-written summary
C1 regenerants showed seven proliferated shoots per explant.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Material
- C1e0
- Outcome
- shoot proliferatione0
- Value
- 7/explante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regenerants from C1 displayed superior bud germination (6.2/explant), shoot proliferation (7/explant) and elongation (6.7 cm), as well as root induction (5.6/shoot) and elongation (6.3 cm).”
t0“date palm”
Claim · model-written summary
C1 regenerant shoots elongated to 6.7 cm.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Material
- C1e0
- Outcome
- shoot proliferation (7/explant) and elongatione0
- Value
- 6.7 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regenerants from C1 displayed superior bud germination (6.2/explant), shoot proliferation (7/explant) and elongation (6.7 cm), as well as root induction (5.6/shoot) and elongation (6.3 cm).”
t0“date palm”
Claim · model-written summary
C1 regenerants induced 5.6 roots per shoot.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Material
- C1e0
- Outcome
- root inductione0
- Value
- 5.6/shoote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regenerants from C1 displayed superior bud germination (6.2/explant), shoot proliferation (7/explant) and elongation (6.7 cm), as well as root induction (5.6/shoot) and elongation (6.3 cm).”
t0“date palm”
Claim · model-written summary
C1 regenerant roots elongated to 6.3 cm.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Material
- C1e0
- Outcome
- root induction (5.6/shoot) and elongatione0
- Value
- 6.3 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regenerants from C1 displayed superior bud germination (6.2/explant), shoot proliferation (7/explant) and elongation (6.7 cm), as well as root induction (5.6/shoot) and elongation (6.3 cm).”
t0“date palm”
Claim · model-written summary
Acclimatized date palm plantlets survived at 88.5%.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Outcome
- survival ratee0
- Value
- 88.5%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plantlets were successfully acclimatized, achieving an 88.5% survival rate.”
t0“date palm”
Claim · model-written summary
ISSR analysis found 97.5% genetic fidelity among regenerants.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Outcome
- genetic fidelitye0
- Value
- 97.5%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ISSR analysis confirmed 97.5% of genetic fidelity among all regenerants.”
t0“date palm”
The same questions in other papers
2,4-D · growth · Phoenix dactylifera (date palm)Positive and negative results
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See all 25 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.