Paper · 2025 · Journal of Kerbala for Agricultural Sciences

Effect of foliar spraying with Roselle extract and proline acid on the growth and yield of okra Abelmoschus esculenus L. grown under salt stress conditions

Z- Ks

12
claims
53
verbatim quotes
0
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by

Abstract

The study was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of the College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, in the Karmat Ali area during the spring of 2023. To study the effect of foliar spraying with Roselle extract (0, 10, 20) g L-1 and with different concentrations of proline acid (0,100,200) mg L-1 and the interaction between them on the growth and specific yield of okra plants, Al-Khanisriya variety. The results showed that spraying with 10 gm L-1 of Roselle extract caused a significant increase in plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf area and fresh and dry weights of the plant. Spraying with 100 mg L-1 of proline acid caused a significant increase in weight, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh and dry weights of the plant, carotene content of the leaves, and fruit length. The interaction between the two factors showed a significant effect on most of the studied traits, as plants sprayed with 10 gm L-1 of Roselle extract and 100 mg L-1 of proline acid gave the highest values ​​of plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf area and fresh and dry weights of the plant, which reached (48.0 cm, 9.0 branches, 51.0 leaves, 76.9 dm2, 233.0 gm,45.70 g) respectively.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 12

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Spraying okra with 10 g/L Roselle extract significantly increased plant height, number of branches and number of leaves.

Material
Al-Khanisriya varietye0
Treatment
spraying with 10 gm L-1 of Roselle extracte2
Outcome
plant height, number of branches, number of leavese2
Direction
increasee2
Setting
Karmat Ali areae1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Abelmoschus esculentus
Abelmoschus esculentus · TaxonKristine Paulus from New York, United States · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“okra Abelmoschus esculenus L.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 91–120 · show in text ↑
e0

“growth and specific yield of okra plants, Al-Khanisriya variety”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 351–414 · show in text ↑
e1

“The study was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of the College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, in the Karmat Ali area during the spring of 2023”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–162 · show in text ↑
e2

“spraying with 10 gm L-1 of Roselle extract caused a significant increase in plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf area and fresh and dry weights of the plant”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 440–616 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Spraying okra with 10 g/L Roselle extract significantly increased leaf area and fresh and dry weights.

Material
Al-Khanisriya varietye0
Treatment
spraying with 10 gm L-1 of Roselle extracte2
Outcome
leaf area and fresh and dry weightse2
Direction
increasee2
Setting
Karmat Ali areae1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Abelmoschus esculentus
Abelmoschus esculentus · TaxonKristine Paulus from New York, United States · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“okra Abelmoschus esculenus L.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 91–120 · show in text ↑
e0

“growth and specific yield of okra plants, Al-Khanisriya variety”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 351–414 · show in text ↑
e1

“The study was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of the College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, in the Karmat Ali area during the spring of 2023”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–162 · show in text ↑
e2

“spraying with 10 gm L-1 of Roselle extract caused a significant increase in plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf area and fresh and dry weights of the plant”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 440–616 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Spraying okra with 100 mg/L proline acid significantly increased weight, number of branches and number of leaves.

Material
Al-Khanisriya varietye0
Treatment
Spraying with 100 mg L-1 of proline acide2
Outcome
weight, number of branches, number of leavese2
Direction
increasee2
Setting
Karmat Ali areae1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Abelmoschus esculentus
Abelmoschus esculentus · TaxonKristine Paulus from New York, United States · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“okra Abelmoschus esculenus L.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 91–120 · show in text ↑
e0

“growth and specific yield of okra plants, Al-Khanisriya variety”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 351–414 · show in text ↑
e1

“The study was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of the College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, in the Karmat Ali area during the spring of 2023”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–162 · show in text ↑
e2

“Spraying with 100 mg L-1 of proline acid caused a significant increase in weight, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh and dry weights of the plant, carotene content of the leaves, and fruit length”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 618–833 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Spraying okra with 100 mg/L proline acid significantly increased leaf area and fresh and dry weights.

Material
Al-Khanisriya varietye0
Treatment
Spraying with 100 mg L-1 of proline acide2
Outcome
leaf area, fresh and dry weights of the plante2
Direction
increasee2
Setting
Karmat Ali areae1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Abelmoschus esculentus
Abelmoschus esculentus · TaxonKristine Paulus from New York, United States · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“okra Abelmoschus esculenus L.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 91–120 · show in text ↑
e0

“growth and specific yield of okra plants, Al-Khanisriya variety”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 351–414 · show in text ↑
e1

“The study was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of the College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, in the Karmat Ali area during the spring of 2023”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–162 · show in text ↑
e2

“Spraying with 100 mg L-1 of proline acid caused a significant increase in weight, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh and dry weights of the plant, carotene content of the leaves, and fruit length”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 618–833 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Spraying okra with 100 mg/L proline acid significantly increased leaf carotene content.

Material
Al-Khanisriya varietye0
Treatment
Spraying with 100 mg L-1 of proline acide2
Outcome
carotene content of the leavese2
Direction
increasee2
Setting
Karmat Ali areae1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Abelmoschus esculentus
Abelmoschus esculentus · TaxonKristine Paulus from New York, United States · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“okra Abelmoschus esculenus L.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 91–120 · show in text ↑
e0

“growth and specific yield of okra plants, Al-Khanisriya variety”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 351–414 · show in text ↑
e1

“The study was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of the College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, in the Karmat Ali area during the spring of 2023”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–162 · show in text ↑
e2

“Spraying with 100 mg L-1 of proline acid caused a significant increase in weight, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh and dry weights of the plant, carotene content of the leaves, and fruit length”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 618–833 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Spraying okra with 100 mg/L proline acid significantly increased fruit length.

Material
Al-Khanisriya varietye0
Treatment
Spraying with 100 mg L-1 of proline acide2
Outcome
fruit lengthe2
Direction
increasee2
Setting
Karmat Ali areae1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Abelmoschus esculentus
Abelmoschus esculentus · TaxonKristine Paulus from New York, United States · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“okra Abelmoschus esculenus L.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 91–120 · show in text ↑
e0

“growth and specific yield of okra plants, Al-Khanisriya variety”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 351–414 · show in text ↑
e1

“The study was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of the College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, in the Karmat Ali area during the spring of 2023”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–162 · show in text ↑
e2

“Spraying with 100 mg L-1 of proline acid caused a significant increase in weight, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh and dry weights of the plant, carotene content of the leaves, and fruit length”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 618–833 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The interaction between Roselle extract and proline acid had a significant effect on most of the studied okra traits.

Material
Al-Khanisriya varietye0
Outcome
most of the studied traitse2
Setting
Karmat Ali areae1

Not reportedInteractor

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Abelmoschus esculentus
Abelmoschus esculentus · TaxonKristine Paulus from New York, United States · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“okra Abelmoschus esculenus L.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 91–120 · show in text ↑
e0

“growth and specific yield of okra plants, Al-Khanisriya variety”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 351–414 · show in text ↑
e1

“The study was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of the College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, in the Karmat Ali area during the spring of 2023”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–162 · show in text ↑
e2

“The interaction between the two factors showed a significant effect on most of the studied traits”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 835–932 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Okra plants sprayed with 10 g/L Roselle extract and 100 mg/L proline acid had the highest plant height, 48.0 cm.

Material
Al-Khanisriya varietye0
Treatment
10 gm L-1 of Roselle extract and 100 mg L-1 of proline acide2
Outcome
plant heighte3
Direction
higheste2
Value
48.0 cme3
Setting
Karmat Ali areae1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Abelmoschus esculentus
Abelmoschus esculentus · TaxonKristine Paulus from New York, United States · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“okra Abelmoschus esculenus L.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 91–120 · show in text ↑
e0

“growth and specific yield of okra plants, Al-Khanisriya variety”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 351–414 · show in text ↑
e1

“The study was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of the College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, in the Karmat Ali area during the spring of 2023”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–162 · show in text ↑
e2

“plants sprayed with 10 gm L-1 of Roselle extract and 100 mg L-1 of proline acid gave the highest”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 937–1033 · show in text ↑
e3

“plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf area and fresh and dry weights of the plant, which reached (48.0 cm, 9.0 branches, 51.0 leaves, 76.9 dm2, 233.0 gm,45.70 g) respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1046–1239 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Okra plants sprayed with 10 g/L Roselle extract and 100 mg/L proline acid had the highest number of branches, 9.0.

Material
Al-Khanisriya varietye0
Treatment
10 gm L-1 of Roselle extract and 100 mg L-1 of proline acide2
Outcome
number of branchese3
Direction
higheste2
Value
9.0 branchese3
Setting
Karmat Ali areae1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Abelmoschus esculentus
Abelmoschus esculentus · TaxonKristine Paulus from New York, United States · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“okra Abelmoschus esculenus L.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 91–120 · show in text ↑
e0

“growth and specific yield of okra plants, Al-Khanisriya variety”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 351–414 · show in text ↑
e1

“The study was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of the College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, in the Karmat Ali area during the spring of 2023”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–162 · show in text ↑
e2

“plants sprayed with 10 gm L-1 of Roselle extract and 100 mg L-1 of proline acid gave the highest”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 937–1033 · show in text ↑
e3

“plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf area and fresh and dry weights of the plant, which reached (48.0 cm, 9.0 branches, 51.0 leaves, 76.9 dm2, 233.0 gm,45.70 g) respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1046–1239 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Okra plants sprayed with 10 g/L Roselle extract and 100 mg/L proline acid had the highest number of leaves, 51.0.

Material
Al-Khanisriya varietye0
Treatment
10 gm L-1 of Roselle extract and 100 mg L-1 of proline acide2
Outcome
number of leavese3
Direction
higheste2
Value
51.0 leavese3
Setting
Karmat Ali areae1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Abelmoschus esculentus
Abelmoschus esculentus · TaxonKristine Paulus from New York, United States · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“okra Abelmoschus esculenus L.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 91–120 · show in text ↑
e0

“growth and specific yield of okra plants, Al-Khanisriya variety”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 351–414 · show in text ↑
e1

“The study was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of the College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, in the Karmat Ali area during the spring of 2023”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–162 · show in text ↑
e2

“plants sprayed with 10 gm L-1 of Roselle extract and 100 mg L-1 of proline acid gave the highest”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 937–1033 · show in text ↑
e3

“plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf area and fresh and dry weights of the plant, which reached (48.0 cm, 9.0 branches, 51.0 leaves, 76.9 dm2, 233.0 gm,45.70 g) respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1046–1239 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Okra plants sprayed with 10 g/L Roselle extract and 100 mg/L proline acid had the highest leaf area, 76.9 dm2.

Material
Al-Khanisriya varietye0
Treatment
10 gm L-1 of Roselle extract and 100 mg L-1 of proline acide2
Outcome
leaf areae3
Direction
higheste2
Value
76.9 dm2e3
Setting
Karmat Ali areae1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Abelmoschus esculentus
Abelmoschus esculentus · TaxonKristine Paulus from New York, United States · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“okra Abelmoschus esculenus L.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 91–120 · show in text ↑
e0

“growth and specific yield of okra plants, Al-Khanisriya variety”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 351–414 · show in text ↑
e1

“The study was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of the College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, in the Karmat Ali area during the spring of 2023”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–162 · show in text ↑
e2

“plants sprayed with 10 gm L-1 of Roselle extract and 100 mg L-1 of proline acid gave the highest”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 937–1033 · show in text ↑
e3

“plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf area and fresh and dry weights of the plant, which reached (48.0 cm, 9.0 branches, 51.0 leaves, 76.9 dm2, 233.0 gm,45.70 g) respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1046–1239 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Okra plants sprayed with 10 g/L Roselle extract and 100 mg/L proline acid had the highest fresh and dry weights, 233.0 gm and 45.70 g.

Material
Al-Khanisriya varietye0
Treatment
10 gm L-1 of Roselle extract and 100 mg L-1 of proline acide2
Outcome
fresh and dry weightse3
Direction
higheste2
Value
233.0 gm,45.70 ge3
Setting
Karmat Ali areae1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Abelmoschus esculentus
Abelmoschus esculentus · TaxonKristine Paulus from New York, United States · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“okra Abelmoschus esculenus L.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 91–120 · show in text ↑
e0

“growth and specific yield of okra plants, Al-Khanisriya variety”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 351–414 · show in text ↑
e1

“The study was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of the College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, in the Karmat Ali area during the spring of 2023”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–162 · show in text ↑
e2

“plants sprayed with 10 gm L-1 of Roselle extract and 100 mg L-1 of proline acid gave the highest”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 937–1033 · show in text ↑
e3

“plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf area and fresh and dry weights of the plant, which reached (48.0 cm, 9.0 branches, 51.0 leaves, 76.9 dm2, 233.0 gm,45.70 g) respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1046–1239 · show in text ↑

Hibiscus sabdariffa · yield · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree

2 papers: 2 positive, 0 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
See all 2 papers →

Hibiscus sabdariffa · growth · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree

2 papers: 2 positive, 0 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
See all 2 papers →

proline · yield · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree

2 papers: 2 positive, 0 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
See all 2 papers →

proline · growth · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree

2 papers: 2 positive, 0 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
See all 2 papers →

botanical · yield · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results differ

78 papers: 69 positive, 9 negative or no effect

68 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction · 4 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. negative

74 papers more in this group

See all 78 papers →

botanical · growth · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Positive and negative results

57 papers: 49 positive, 8 negative or no effect

48 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. negative

53 papers more in this group

See all 57 papers →

application · growth · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Positive and negative results

77 papers: 75 positive, 2 negative or no effect

74 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. no effect
  3. positive

73 papers more in this group

See all 77 papers →

application · yield · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Positive and negative results

115 papers: 112 positive, 3 negative or no effect

111 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. negative
  3. no effect

111 papers more in this group

See all 115 papers →

8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.