Abstract
Organic farming, which enhances soil health through organic inputs like vermicompost and bio-fertilizers, is gaining prominence due to its eco-friendly nature and ability to improve crop yield. This study aims to assess the effect of organic manures on coriander's growth and seed yield and identify the best manure combinations to optimize production. The study was conducted during 2021–2023 in Sendurai village, Tamil Nadu, using a Randomized Block Design with 13 treatments replicated thrice. It evaluated the effects of vermicompost, sheep manure, cattle manure, and bio-fertilizers (Azospirillum and Azotobacter) on coriander growth and yield. Bio-fertilizers Azospirillum and Azotobacter were applied as per the treatment schedule at the time of sowing. Growth and seed yield parameters were recorded to assess the effects of organic manure and bio-fertilizers on coriander performance. The mean of five plants was taken for analysis. Among treatments, T4 (vermicompost @ 4 t/ha with Azospirillum and Azotobacter as soil application) consistently outperformed others, recording the shortest germination period (5.61 days), maximum plant height (78.62 cm), highest number of branches, largest leaf area (66.43 cm²), and highest chlorophyll content (4.56 mg/100 g). T4 also enhanced flowering and 50% flowering. The enhanced performance of T4 is attributed to improved nutrient availability and microbial activity. Overall, T4 proved to be the most effective treatment, significantly boosting growth and seed yield in coriander under organic nutrient management practices. The enhanced soil environment supports robust root proliferation, facilitating better water and nutrient uptake over a larger area. This improved nutrient absorption and translocation to different plant parts contributed to increased vegetative growth. The synergistic effect of Azospirillum and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, when applied with vermicompost and the recommended dose of fertilizers, was shown to advance 50% flowering. Overall, vermicompost with bio-fertilizers proved to be the most effective, offering a sustainable path to enhancing coriander productivity.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
T4 had the shortest germination period, 5.61 days.
- Taxon
- coriander
Coriandrum sativumt0 - Treatment
- T4 (vermicompost @ 4 t/ha with Azospirillum and Azotobacter as soil application)e0
- Interactor
- Azospirillum
Azospirillume0symbiont - Second interactor
- Azotobacter
Azotobactere0symbiont - Outcome
- germination periode0
- Direction
- shorteste0
- Value
- 5.61 dayse0
- Comparator
- otherse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T4 (vermicompost @ 4 t/ha with Azospirillum and Azotobacter as soil application) consistently outperformed others, recording the shortest germination period (5.61 days)”
t0“coriander”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 produced maximum plant height of 78.62 cm.
- Taxon
- corianderCoriandrum sativumt0
- Treatment
- T4 (vermicompost @ 4 t/ha with Azospirillum and Azotobacter as soil application)e0
- Interactor
- AzospirillumAzospirillume0symbiont
- Second interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 78.62 cme0
- Comparator
- otherse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T4 (vermicompost @ 4 t/ha with Azospirillum and Azotobacter as soil application) consistently outperformed others, recording the shortest germination period (5.61 days), maximum plant height (78.62 cm)”
t0“coriander”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 produced the highest branch number.
- Taxon
- corianderCoriandrum sativumt0
- Treatment
- T4 (vermicompost @ 4 t/ha with Azospirillum and Azotobacter as soil application)e0
- Interactor
- AzospirillumAzospirillume0symbiont
- Second interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
- Outcome
- number of branchese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- otherse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T4 (vermicompost @ 4 t/ha with Azospirillum and Azotobacter as soil application) consistently outperformed others, recording the shortest germination period (5.61 days), maximum plant height (78.62 cm), highest number of branches”
t0“coriander”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 produced largest leaf area of 66.43 cm².
- Taxon
- corianderCoriandrum sativumt0
- Treatment
- T4 (vermicompost @ 4 t/ha with Azospirillum and Azotobacter as soil application)e0
- Interactor
- AzospirillumAzospirillume0symbiont
- Second interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- largeste0
- Value
- 66.43 cm²e0
- Comparator
- otherse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T4 (vermicompost @ 4 t/ha with Azospirillum and Azotobacter as soil application) consistently outperformed others, recording the shortest germination period (5.61 days), maximum plant height (78.62 cm), highest number of branches, largest leaf area (66.43 cm²)”
t0“coriander”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 produced highest chlorophyll content of 4.56 mg/100 g.
- Taxon
- corianderCoriandrum sativumt0
- Treatment
- T4 (vermicompost @ 4 t/ha with Azospirillum and Azotobacter as soil application)e0
- Interactor
- AzospirillumAzospirillume0symbiont
- Second interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 4.56 mg/100 ge0
- Comparator
- otherse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T4 (vermicompost @ 4 t/ha with Azospirillum and Azotobacter as soil application) consistently outperformed others, recording the shortest germination period (5.61 days), maximum plant height (78.62 cm), highest number of branches, largest leaf area (66.43 cm²), and highest chlorophyll content (4.56 mg/100 g)”
t0“coriander”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 enhanced flowering and 50% flowering.
- Taxon
- corianderCoriandrum sativumt0
- Treatment
- T4e0
- Outcome
- flowering and 50% floweringe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T4 also enhanced flowering and 50% flowering”
t0“coriander”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 significantly boosted coriander growth and seed yield.
- Taxon
- corianderCoriandrum sativume0
- Treatment
- T4e0
- Outcome
- growth and seed yielde0
- Direction
- boostinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T4 proved to be the most effective treatment, significantly boosting growth and seed yield in coriander”
Claim · model-written summary
Improved nutrient availability and microbial activity were attributed as causes of T4 performance.
- Taxon
- corianderCoriandrum sativumt0
- Treatment
- T4e0
- Outcome
- enhanced performancee0
- Qualifier
- improved nutrient availability and microbial activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The enhanced performance of T4 is attributed to improved nutrient availability and microbial activity”
t0“coriander”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced soil environment supported greater root proliferation and water and nutrient uptake.
- Taxon
- corianderCoriandrum sativumt0
- Outcome
- robust root proliferatione0
- Qualifier
- enhanced soil environmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The enhanced soil environment supports robust root proliferation, facilitating better water and nutrient uptake over a larger area”
t0“coriander”
Claim · model-written summary
Improved nutrient absorption and translocation contributed to increased vegetative growth.
- Taxon
- corianderCoriandrum sativumt0
- Outcome
- increased vegetative growthe0
- Qualifier
- improved nutrient absorption and translocatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This improved nutrient absorption and translocation to different plant parts contributed to increased vegetative growth”
t0“coriander”
Claim · model-written summary
Azospirillum and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria with vermicompost and fertilizers advanced 50% flowering.
- Taxon
- corianderCoriandrum sativumt0
- Treatment
- Azospirillum and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, when applied with vermicompost and the recommended dose of fertilizerse0
- Interactor
- AzospirillumAzospirillume0symbiont
- Second interactor
- phosphorus-solubilizing bacteriae0symbiont
- Outcome
- 50% floweringe0
- Direction
- advancee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The synergistic effect of Azospirillum and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, when applied with vermicompost and the recommended dose of fertilizers, was shown to advance 50% flowering”
t0“coriander”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost with bio-fertilizers was judged the most effective option for coriander productivity.
- Taxon
- corianderCoriandrum sativume0
- Outcome
- vermicompost with bio-fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“vermicompost with bio-fertilizers proved to be the most effective, offering a sustainable path to enhancing coriander productivity”
The same questions in other papers
Azospirillum · physiology: pigments · Coriandrum sativum (coriander)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Azospirillum · phenology · Coriandrum sativum (coriander)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
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Azotobacter · physiology: pigments · Coriandrum sativum (coriander)Results agree
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Azospirillum · yield · Coriandrum sativum (coriander)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
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See all 5 papers →Azotobacter · yield · Coriandrum sativum (coriander)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
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See all 6 papers →Azotobacter · growth · Coriandrum sativum (coriander)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
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- positive
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See all 6 papers →Azospirillum · growth · Coriandrum sativum (coriander)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
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See all 7 papers →application · physiology: pigments · Coriandrum sativum (coriander)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →8 of 16 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.