Abstract
Amaranthus retroflexus (L.) is one among the most common weeds that invade different cropping systems in Turkiye. This study investigated seed germination response of A. retroflexus to various environmental factors such as temperature, sodium chloride concentrations, light conditions, pH, osmotic stress and soil burial depth. Additionally, this research also investigated the potential of various post-emergence herbicides to control A. retroflexus. The germination test at the start of the experiments showed that seeds were non-dormant and viable, with 98% germination within three days. The highest germination percentage (98%) of A. retroflexus was achieved at a temperature of 25°C. Salinity exerted significantly negative effect on the germination and no seed germinated at 200 mM sodium chloride concentration. Similarly, osmotic potential also inhibited germination significantly and germination percentage was 18% or lower at -0.4 MPa or higher osmatic potential. Meanwhile, light had no significant effect on germination, and a soil depth of 0-4 cm was found as the most suitable for emergence of A. retroflexus. Among the post-emergence herbicides, clopyralid and 2,4-D proved the most effective to control A. retroflexus.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
The highest germination percentage of A. retroflexus (98%) was achieved at 25°C.
- Taxon
- A. retroflexus
Amaranthus retroflexuse1 - Treatment
- a temperature of 25°Ce1
- Outcome
- germination percentagee1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 98%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The highest germination percentage (98%) of A. retroflexus was achieved at a temperature of 25°C”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity had a significantly negative effect on germination of Amaranthus retroflexus.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus retroflexusAmaranthus retroflexuse1
- Treatment
- Salinitye2
- Outcome
- germinatione2
- Direction
- negativee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Amaranthus retroflexus (L.) is one among the most common weeds”
e2“Salinity exerted significantly negative effect on the germination”
Claim · model-written summary
No seed germinated at 200 mM sodium chloride concentration.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus retroflexusAmaranthus retroflexuse1
- Treatment
- 200 mM sodium chloride concentratione2
- Outcome
- no seed germinatede2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Amaranthus retroflexus (L.) is one among the most common weeds”
e2“no seed germinated at 200 mM sodium chloride concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmotic potential significantly inhibited germination; germination was 18% or lower at -0.4 MPa or higher osmotic potential.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus retroflexusAmaranthus retroflexuse1
- Treatment
- osmotic potentiale2
- Outcome
- germination percentagee2
- Direction
- inhibitede2
- Value
- 18% or lowere2
- Qualifier
- -0.4 MPa or higher osmatic potentiale2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Amaranthus retroflexus (L.) is one among the most common weeds”
e2“osmotic potential also inhibited germination significantly and germination percentage was 18% or lower at -0.4 MPa or higher osmatic potential”
Claim · model-written summary
Light had no significant effect on germination of Amaranthus retroflexus.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus retroflexusAmaranthus retroflexuse1
- Treatment
- lighte2
- Outcome
- germinatione2
- Direction
- no significant effecte2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Amaranthus retroflexus (L.) is one among the most common weeds”
e2“Meanwhile, light had no significant effect on germination”
Claim · model-written summary
A soil depth of 0-4 cm was the most suitable for emergence of A. retroflexus.
- Taxon
- A. retroflexusAmaranthus retroflexuse1
- Treatment
- soil depthe1
- Outcome
- emergencee1
- Direction
- most suitablee1
- Value
- 0-4 cme1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“a soil depth of 0-4 cm was found as the most suitable for emergence of A. retroflexus”
Claim · model-written summary
Clopyralid and 2,4-D were the most effective post-emergence herbicides for controlling A. retroflexus.
- Taxon
- A. retroflexusAmaranthus retroflexuse1
- Treatment
- clopyralid and 2,4-De1
- Outcome
- controle1
- Direction
- most effectivee1
- Comparator
- post-emergence herbicidese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Among the post-emergence herbicides, clopyralid and 2,4-D proved the most effective to control A. retroflexus”
Claim · model-written summary
Seeds of A. retroflexus were non-dormant and viable, with 98% germinating within three days.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus retroflexusAmaranthus retroflexuse1
- Outcome
- non-dormant and viablee2
- Value
- 98%e2
- Qualifier
- within three dayse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Amaranthus retroflexus (L.) is one among the most common weeds”
e2“The germination test at the start of the experiments showed that seeds were non-dormant and viable, with 98% germination within three days”
The same questions in other papers
sodium chloride · growth · Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot amaranth)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
salinity · growth · Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot amaranth)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- negative
light · growth · Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot amaranth)Positive and negative results
4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.