Abstract
Seed germination studies are often used to predict the potential of plants to extend their global distribution. In this research, the effect of gibberellic acid (GA3 ) concentrations, pre-chilling, temperature, water and salt stresses, pH, high-temperature pretreatment, planting depth, and flooding on seed germination and seedling emergence of three Amaranthus retroflexus L. populations was investigated. GA3 concentration significantly affected seed germination of all three A. retroflexus populations grown under light/dark conditions. All three populations germinated under constant (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30◦C) and alternating (20/15, 25/18, and 35/25◦C (day/night)) temperatures. The optimum alternating temperature for germination of all three populations was 18/25◦C day/night. Seed germination was severely reduced under moisture and salt stresses. Seedling emergence was reduced on the soil surface by increasing the planting depth from 2.5 to 7.5 cm, and no seedlings emerged when the planting depth of seeds was more than 10 cm. The results of this research help us to understand the germination capacity and requirements of A. retroflexus in different environments and also provide information to help better control the weed.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 concentration significantly affected seed germination of Amaranthus retroflexus populations.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus retroflexus
Amaranthus retroflexust0 - Treatment
- GA3 concentratione0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Amaranthus retroflexus L.”
e0“GA3 concentration significantly affected seed germination of all three A. retroflexus populations grown under light/dark conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
All three Amaranthus retroflexus populations germinated under constant temperatures from 10 to 30 °C.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus retroflexusAmaranthus retroflexust0
- Outcome
- germinatede1
- Qualifier
- under constant (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30◦C)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Amaranthus retroflexus L.”
e1“All three populations germinated under constant (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30◦C) and alternating (20/15, 25/18, and 35/25◦C (day/night)) temperatures”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimum alternating temperature for Amaranthus retroflexus germination was 18/25 °C day/night.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus retroflexusAmaranthus retroflexust0
- Outcome
- optimum alternating temperature for germinatione2
- Value
- 18/25◦C day/nighte2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Amaranthus retroflexus L.”
e2“The optimum alternating temperature for germination of all three populations was 18/25◦C day/night”
Claim · model-written summary
Moisture and salt stresses severely reduced Amaranthus retroflexus seed germination.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus retroflexusAmaranthus retroflexust0
- Treatment
- moisture and salt stressese3
- Outcome
- Seed germinatione3
- Direction
- severely reducede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Amaranthus retroflexus L.”
e3“Seed germination was severely reduced under moisture and salt stresses”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing the planting depth from 2.5 to 7.5 cm reduced Amaranthus retroflexus seedling emergence on the soil surface.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus retroflexusAmaranthus retroflexust0
- Treatment
- increasing the planting depthe4
- Outcome
- Seedling emergencee4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Value
- 2.5 to 7.5 cme4
- Qualifier
- on the soil surfacee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Amaranthus retroflexus L.”
e4“Seedling emergence was reduced on the soil surface by increasing the planting depth from 2.5 to 7.5 cm”
Claim · model-written summary
No Amaranthus retroflexus seedlings emerged when seeds were planted deeper than 10 cm.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus retroflexusAmaranthus retroflexust0
- Treatment
- planting depth of seedse5
- Outcome
- no seedlings emergede5
- Value
- 10 cme5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Amaranthus retroflexus L.”
e5“no seedlings emerged when the planting depth of seeds was more than 10 cm”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · growth · Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot amaranth)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.