Abstract
Germination responses of the seeds of Amaranthus retroflexus L. were affected by the photo period, temperature, and level of solar radiation experienced by their parent plants. Seeds from parents grown continuously in short days (SD, 8 h) lost post-harvest dormancy more rapidly and had a higher dark germination, as well as a greater responsiveness (at 30 °C) to pretreatments at low temperature (5 or 10 °C) and to short illuminations, than seeds from parents grown continuously in long days (LD, 16 h). Dark germination and responsiveness of the seeds to promotive treatments were both higher when their parents were transferred at flowering from LD to SD than when grown continuously in LD. These responses were lower when their parents were similarly transferred from SD to LD than when grown continuously in SD. The promotive effects of parental post-flowering SD on dark germination (at 30 °C) were enhanced by reduction of parental temperature (from 27/22 °C to 22/17 °C), but the respon siveness of the seeds to low temperature pretreatment was reduced. Inflorescences developing in LD produced seed with higher germinability when flowering was notinduced(LD throughout) than when it was induced (either by SD till flowering, or by three SD cycles when 4-5 leaves appeared). Reduced levels of solar radiation had opposite effects in the different parental photoperiods : dark germination and the responsiveness to low temperature pretreatments were reduced in LD, but were increased in SD. Differences in the germination responses resulting from differences in the parental environ ment could not be correlated with differences in seed coat thickness or seed dry weight.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Parental short days accelerated loss of postharvest seed dormancy versus long days.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus retroflexus L.
Amaranthus retroflexuse2 - Treatment
- short days (SD, 8 h)e0
- Outcome
- post-harvest dormancye0
- Direction
- more rapidlye0
- Comparator
- long days (LD, 16 h)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seeds from parents grown continuously in short days (SD, 8 h) lost post-harvest dormancy more rapidly”
e1“than seeds from parents grown continuously in long days (LD, 16 h)”
e2“Amaranthus retroflexus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Parental short days raised dark germination versus long days.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus retroflexus L.Amaranthus retroflexuse3
- Treatment
- short days (SD, 8 h)e1
- Outcome
- dark germinatione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- long days (LD, 16 h)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a higher dark germination”
e1“Seeds from parents grown continuously in short days (SD, 8 h)”
e2“than seeds from parents grown continuously in long days (LD, 16 h)”
e3“Amaranthus retroflexus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Parental short days increased responsiveness to low temperature pretreatment and short illumination.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus retroflexus L.Amaranthus retroflexuse3
- Treatment
- short days (SD, 8 h)e1
- Outcome
- responsiveness (at 30 °C) to pretreatments at low temperature (5 or 10 °C) and to short illuminationse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- long days (LD, 16 h)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a greater responsiveness (at 30 °C) to pretreatments at low temperature (5 or 10 °C) and to short illuminations”
e1“Seeds from parents grown continuously in short days (SD, 8 h)”
e2“than seeds from parents grown continuously in long days (LD, 16 h)”
e3“Amaranthus retroflexus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Switching parents from long to short days at flowering raised dark germination and response to promotive treatments versus continuous long days.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus retroflexus L.Amaranthus retroflexuse1
- Treatment
- transferred at flowering from LD to SDe0
- Outcome
- Dark germination and responsiveness of the seeds to promotive treatmentse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- grown continuously in LDe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dark germination and responsiveness of the seeds to promotive treatments were both higher when their parents were transferred at flowering from LD to SD than when grown continuously in LD”
e1“Amaranthus retroflexus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Switching parents from short to long days lowered these responses versus continuous short days.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus retroflexus L.Amaranthus retroflexuse2
- Treatment
- transferred from SD to LDe0
- Outcome
- Dark germination and responsiveness of the seeds to promotive treatmentse1
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- grown continuously in SDe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These responses were lower when their parents were similarly transferred from SD to LD than when grown continuously in SD”
e1“Dark germination and responsiveness of the seeds to promotive treatments”
e2“Amaranthus retroflexus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower parental temperature enhanced short day promotion of dark germination.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus retroflexus L.Amaranthus retroflexuse1
- Treatment
- reduction of parental temperature (from 27/22 °C to 22/17 °C)e0
- Outcome
- dark germinatione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promotive effects of parental post-flowering SD on dark germination (at 30 °C) were enhanced by reduction of parental temperature (from 27/22 °C to 22/17 °C)”
e1“Amaranthus retroflexus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower parental temperature reduced offspring response to low temperature pretreatment.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus retroflexus L.Amaranthus retroflexuse2
- Treatment
- reduction of parental temperature (from 27/22 °C to 22/17 °C)e1
- Outcome
- respon siveness of the seeds to low temperature pretreatmente0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“respon siveness of the seeds to low temperature pretreatment was reduced”
e1“reduction of parental temperature (from 27/22 °C to 22/17 °C)”
e2“Amaranthus retroflexus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seeds from inflorescences developing in long days germinated more when flowering was not induced.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus retroflexus L.Amaranthus retroflexuse1
- Treatment
- LD throughoute0
- Outcome
- germinabilitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- induced (either by SD till flowering, or by three SD cycles when 4-5 leaves appeared)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inflorescences developing in LD produced seed with higher germinability when flowering was notinduced(LD throughout) than when it was induced (either by SD till flowering, or by three SD cycles when 4-5 leaves appeared)”
e1“Amaranthus retroflexus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced parental solar radiation lowered dark germination and cold response in long days.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus retroflexus L.Amaranthus retroflexuse1
- Treatment
- Reduced levels of solar radiatione0
- Outcome
- dark germination and the responsiveness to low temperature pretreatmentse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced levels of solar radiation had opposite effects in the different parental photoperiods : dark germination and the responsiveness to low temperature pretreatments were reduced in LD”
e1“Amaranthus retroflexus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced parental solar radiation raised dark germination and cold response in short days.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus retroflexus L.Amaranthus retroflexuse1
- Treatment
- Reduced levels of solar radiatione0
- Outcome
- dark germination and the responsiveness to low temperature pretreatmentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced levels of solar radiation had opposite effects in the different parental photoperiods : dark germination and the responsiveness to low temperature pretreatments were reduced in LD, but were increased in SD”
e1“Amaranthus retroflexus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Parental environment effects on germination did not correlate with seed coat thickness or dry weight.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus retroflexus L.Amaranthus retroflexuse1
- Organ / stage
- seed coate0
- Outcome
- Differences in the germination responsese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Differences in the germination responses resulting from differences in the parental environ ment could not be correlated with differences in seed coat thickness or seed dry weight”
e1“Amaranthus retroflexus L.”
The same questions in other papers
stage · growth · Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot amaranth)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
light · growth · Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot amaranth)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.