Abstract
Salt and drought are two major environmental stresses that affect growth and development of plants. In order to study the effects of sodium chloride and polyethylene glycol (6000) on germination characteristics and early seedling growth of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), two completely randomized designs with 4 replications were conducted at Weed Research Laboratory of Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan in 2015. The treatments were salt and drought stress as osmotic potential at six levels (zero (control), -2, -4, -6, -8 and -10 bar). The results showed that when stress increased, germination percentage, germination speed, radicle and plumule length, seedling length and seedling vigor index decreased significantly (p≤ 0.05). With an increase in the intensity of salt and drought stress from zero to -10 bars, redroot pigweed seed germination reduced about 96 and 100 percent, respectively, compared with the control. The highest seedling length in both stresses was observed in the control (7.71 cm) and by increasing stress intensity to -10 bars in both salinity and drought stresses, seedling length was reduced to 1.52 cm and 0 cm, respectively. Fitting of the three-parameter logistic model provided a successful estimation of the relationship between salt and drought stress levels and germination percentage of redroot pigweed as well as germination speed. This model showed that salinity and drought stress at -3.58 and -3.75 bars caused a 50% reduction in maximum germination percentage of redroot pigweed. In addition, 50% decrease in germination speed caused by salinity and drought stress was observed in -2.58 and -2.88 bars, respectively. Highlights: The germination characteristics of redroot pigweed were studied under salt and drought stresses. Drought stress reduced germination percentage of redroot pigweed.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing stress significantly reduced germination percentage and speed.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus retroflexus
Amaranthus retroflexust0 - Treatment
- stress increasede0
- Outcome
- germination percentage, germination speede0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when stress increased, germination percentage, germination speed, radicle and plumule length, seedling length and seedling vigor index decreased significantly (p≤ 0.05).”
t0“Amaranthus retroflexus”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing stress significantly reduced radicle, plumule and seedling lengths.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus retroflexusAmaranthus retroflexust0
- Treatment
- stress increasede0
- Outcome
- radicle and plumule length, seedling lengthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when stress increased, germination percentage, germination speed, radicle and plumule length, seedling length and seedling vigor index decreased significantly (p≤ 0.05).”
t0“Amaranthus retroflexus”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing stress significantly reduced seedling vigor index.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus retroflexusAmaranthus retroflexust0
- Treatment
- stress increasede0
- Outcome
- seedling vigor indexe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when stress increased, germination percentage, germination speed, radicle and plumule length, seedling length and seedling vigor index decreased significantly (p≤ 0.05).”
t0“Amaranthus retroflexus”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increasing from zero to -10 bars reduced germination about 96 percent relative to control.
Verbatim
e0“With an increase in the intensity of salt and drought stress from zero to -10 bars, redroot pigweed seed germination reduced about 96 and 100 percent, respectively, compared with the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress increasing from zero to -10 bars reduced germination about 100 percent relative to control.
Verbatim
e0“With an increase in the intensity of salt and drought stress from zero to -10 bars, redroot pigweed seed germination reduced about 96 and 100 percent, respectively, compared with the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Control seedlings had the highest length of 7.71 cm.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus retroflexusAmaranthus retroflexust0
- Treatment
- controle0
- Outcome
- seedling lengthe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 7.71 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest seedling length in both stresses was observed in the control (7.71 cm)”
t0“Amaranthus retroflexus”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity stress at -10 bars reduced seedling length to 1.52 cm.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus retroflexusAmaranthus retroflexust0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- seedling lengthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 1.52 cme0
- Qualifier
- -10 barse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“by increasing stress intensity to -10 bars in both salinity and drought stresses, seedling length was reduced to 1.52 cm and 0 cm, respectively.”
t0“Amaranthus retroflexus”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress at -10 bars reduced seedling length to 0 cm.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus retroflexusAmaranthus retroflexust0
- Treatment
- drought stressese0
- Outcome
- seedling lengthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 0 cme0
- Qualifier
- -10 barse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“by increasing stress intensity to -10 bars in both salinity and drought stresses, seedling length was reduced to 1.52 cm and 0 cm, respectively.”
t0“Amaranthus retroflexus”
Claim · model-written summary
A three-parameter logistic model successfully estimated stress relationships with germination percentage and speed.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Fitting of the three-parameter logistic model provided a successful estimation of the relationship between salt and drought stress levels and germination percentage of redroot pigweed as well as germination speed.”
Claim · model-written summary
The model estimated a 50% reduction in maximum germination percentage at -3.58 bars salinity.
- Taxon
- redroot pigweede0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- maximum germination percentagee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 50%e0
- Qualifier
- -3.58e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“This model showed that salinity and drought stress at -3.58 and -3.75 bars caused a 50% reduction in maximum germination percentage of redroot pigweed.”
Claim · model-written summary
The model estimated a 50% reduction in maximum germination percentage at -3.75 bars drought stress.
- Taxon
- redroot pigweede0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- maximum germination percentagee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 50%e0
- Qualifier
- -3.75 barse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“This model showed that salinity and drought stress at -3.58 and -3.75 bars caused a 50% reduction in maximum germination percentage of redroot pigweed.”
Claim · model-written summary
A 50% germination speed decrease occurred at -2.58 bars salinity stress.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus retroflexusAmaranthus retroflexust0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- germination speede0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 50%e0
- Qualifier
- -2.58e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In addition, 50% decrease in germination speed caused by salinity and drought stress was observed in -2.58 and -2.88 bars, respectively.”
t0“Amaranthus retroflexus”
Claim · model-written summary
A 50% germination speed decrease occurred at -2.88 bars drought stress.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus retroflexusAmaranthus retroflexust0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- germination speede0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 50%e0
- Qualifier
- -2.88 barse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In addition, 50% decrease in germination speed caused by salinity and drought stress was observed in -2.58 and -2.88 bars, respectively.”
t0“Amaranthus retroflexus”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · growth · Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot amaranth)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
drought · growth · Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot amaranth)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.