Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a crucial role in the soil–plant interface, yet the combined effects of AMF inoculation and phosphorus (P) addition on soil–plant nitrogen (N) and P, as well as oat grain yield, under drought stress remain unclear. Experiments were conducted during the 2021 and 2022 oat-growing seasons, applying AMF (40 g inoculum per pot; sterilized inoculum as the NAMF control) and P (0, 20, and 40 mg kg−1 soil, designated P0, P1, and P2) under 75% and 55% relative water content. This study found that AMF inoculation at the P1 level significantly improved the AMF colonization rate, grain yield, and partial factor productivity of P (PFPP) of oat. The grain yield increased by 6.2% (2021) and 9.8% (2022) under drought stress compared to the AMF-free treatment. AMF inoculation and P addition showed interactive effects on soil–plant N and P dynamics, which significantly increased microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP), nitrate N, and the available P content in oat soil. P1AMF significantly increased the total N and P contents under drought stress compared to P1NAMF, with maximum increments of 40.7% (N) and 11.1% (P) in 2021 and 15.4% (N) and 32.3% (P) in 2022. Moreover, the P1AMF treatment significantly improved P recovery efficiency (PRE), achieving a maximum increase of 48.4% across the two-year study. The analysis revealed that soil MBP was the key factor influencing oat grain yield, as well as the total N and P content in oat plants. It was concluded that AMF inoculation with a moderate amount of P addition could effectively regulate soil N and P availability and enhance plant N and P contents, as well as P productivity and use efficiency, thereby improving oat drought tolerance. Soil MBP acted as a vital bridge in the oat soil–plant continuum.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation at the P1 level improved AMF colonization rate, grain yield and partial factor productivity of P in oat compared with the NAMF control.
- Taxon
- oat
Avena sativat0 - Treatment
- AMF inoculation at the P1 levele1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- AMF colonization rate, grain yield, and partial factor productivity of P (PFPP)e1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Comparator
- NAMF controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“AMF inoculation at the P1 level significantly improved the AMF colonization rate, grain yield, and partial factor productivity of P (PFPP) of oat”
e2“sterilized inoculum as the NAMF control”
t0“Enhancing Oat Drought Tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought, oat grain yield increased by 6.2% in 2021 compared with the AMF-free treatment.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- grain yielde3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 6.2%e3
- Qualifier
- (2021)e3
- Comparator
- AMF-free treatmente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The grain yield increased by 6.2% (2021) and 9.8% (2022) under drought stress compared to the AMF-free treatment”
e1“AMF inoculation at the P1 level significantly improved the AMF colonization rate, grain yield, and partial factor productivity of P (PFPP) of oat”
t0“Enhancing Oat Drought Tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought, oat grain yield increased by 9.8% in 2022 compared with the AMF-free treatment.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- grain yielde3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 9.8%e3
- Qualifier
- (2022)e3
- Comparator
- AMF-free treatmente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The grain yield increased by 6.2% (2021) and 9.8% (2022) under drought stress compared to the AMF-free treatment”
e1“AMF inoculation at the P1 level significantly improved the AMF colonization rate, grain yield, and partial factor productivity of P (PFPP) of oat”
t0“Enhancing Oat Drought Tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation and P addition increased soil microbial biomass phosphorus, nitrate N and available P in the oat soil.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculation and P additione4
- Interactor
- AMFe4symbiont
- Outcome
- microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP), nitrate N, and the available P contente4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“AMF inoculation and P addition showed interactive effects on soil–plant N and P dynamics, which significantly increased microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP), nitrate N, and the available P content in oat soil”
t0“Enhancing Oat Drought Tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought, P1AMF increased total N in oat in 2021 by 40.7% relative to P1NAMF.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- P1AMFe5
- Outcome
- total N and P contentse5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 40.7% (N)e5
- Qualifier
- in 2021e5
- Comparator
- P1NAMFe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“P1AMF significantly increased the total N and P contents under drought stress compared to P1NAMF, with maximum increments of 40.7% (N) and 11.1% (P) in 2021 and 15.4% (N) and 32.3% (P) in 2022”
t0“Enhancing Oat Drought Tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought, P1AMF increased total P in oat in 2021 by 11.1% relative to P1NAMF.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- P1AMFe5
- Outcome
- total N and P contentse5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 11.1% (P)e5
- Qualifier
- in 2021e5
- Comparator
- P1NAMFe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“P1AMF significantly increased the total N and P contents under drought stress compared to P1NAMF, with maximum increments of 40.7% (N) and 11.1% (P) in 2021 and 15.4% (N) and 32.3% (P) in 2022”
t0“Enhancing Oat Drought Tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought, P1AMF increased total N in oat in 2022 by 15.4% relative to P1NAMF.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- P1AMFe5
- Outcome
- total N and P contentse5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 15.4% (N)e5
- Qualifier
- in 2022e5
- Comparator
- P1NAMFe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“P1AMF significantly increased the total N and P contents under drought stress compared to P1NAMF, with maximum increments of 40.7% (N) and 11.1% (P) in 2021 and 15.4% (N) and 32.3% (P) in 2022”
t0“Enhancing Oat Drought Tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought, P1AMF increased total P in oat in 2022 by 32.3% relative to P1NAMF.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- P1AMFe5
- Outcome
- total N and P contentse5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 32.3% (P)e5
- Qualifier
- in 2022e5
- Comparator
- P1NAMFe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“P1AMF significantly increased the total N and P contents under drought stress compared to P1NAMF, with maximum increments of 40.7% (N) and 11.1% (P) in 2021 and 15.4% (N) and 32.3% (P) in 2022”
t0“Enhancing Oat Drought Tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
P1AMF improved P recovery efficiency in oat by a maximum of 48.4% across the two-year study.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- P1AMF treatmente6
- Outcome
- P recovery efficiency (PRE)e6
- Direction
- improvede6
- Value
- 48.4%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Moreover, the P1AMF treatment significantly improved P recovery efficiency (PRE), achieving a maximum increase of 48.4% across the two-year study”
t0“Enhancing Oat Drought Tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil microbial biomass phosphorus was the key factor influencing oat grain yield.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Compound
- soil MBPe7
- Outcome
- oat grain yielde7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“The analysis revealed that soil MBP was the key factor influencing oat grain yield, as well as the total N and P content in oat plants”
t0“Enhancing Oat Drought Tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil microbial biomass phosphorus was the key factor influencing total N and P content in oat plants.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Compound
- soil MBPe7
- Outcome
- total N and P contente7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“The analysis revealed that soil MBP was the key factor influencing oat grain yield, as well as the total N and P content in oat plants”
t0“Enhancing Oat Drought Tolerance”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.