Abstract
Basil (Ocimum basilicum), a widely cultivated herb, thrives in controlled environment agriculture (CEA) systems where light spectra can be precisely manipulated to optimize growth, morphology, and chemical composition. This study examined the effects of supplemental blue (BL), green (GR), and far-red (FR) light on two basil cultivars, green Prospera and purple Amethyst, focusing on plant growth, photosynthetic efficiency, volatile compound profiles, and sensory attributes. The results showed that FR light significantly increased stem elongation and biomass accumulation, with stem height increasing by 66.3% in Prospera and 144.1% in Amethyst under FR light compared to white light, and fresh biomass increasing by 59.3% and 120.1%, respectively. However, FR light increased photosystem II (PSII) efficiency by 20.9% and 34.3% in Prospera and Amethyst, respectively, compared to high-intensity white light, indicating FR light’s impactful role on growth and photosynthetic performance. The volatile profiles were also significantly influenced by light treatments. FR light increased citral levels by 371.0% in Prospera, while allo-ocimene levels increased by 89.0% in Amethyst compared to the control. Sensory evaluations confirmed that basil grown under FR light had a stronger aromatic profile. In contrast, BL light reduced concentrations of certain volatiles, such as eugenol and linalool, leading to a milder aroma. These findings demonstrate that the light spectra can be strategically manipulated to optimize basil’s growth, morphology, and aromatic profile, aligning production with consumer preferences.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Far-red light increased Prospera stem height by 66.3% compared with white light.
- Taxon
- Basil
Ocimum basilicumt0 - Material
- Prosperae0
- Treatment
- FR lighte0
- Outcome
- stem heighte0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 66.3%e0
- Comparator
- white lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stem height increasing by 66.3% in Prospera and 144.1% in Amethyst under FR light compared to white light”
t0“Supplemental Light Differentially Regulates Indoor-Grown Basil (Ocimum basilicum) Growth, Volatile Compounds, and Sensory Attributes”
Claim · model-written summary
Far-red light increased Amethyst stem height by 144.1% compared with white light.
- Taxon
- BasilOcimum basilicumt0
- Material
- Amethyste0
- Treatment
- FR lighte0
- Outcome
- stem heighte0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 144.1%e0
- Comparator
- white lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stem height increasing by 66.3% in Prospera and 144.1% in Amethyst under FR light compared to white light”
t0“Supplemental Light Differentially Regulates Indoor-Grown Basil (Ocimum basilicum) Growth, Volatile Compounds, and Sensory Attributes”
Claim · model-written summary
Far-red light increased Prospera fresh biomass by 59.3%.
- Taxon
- BasilOcimum basilicumt0
- Material
- Prosperae0
- Treatment
- Supplemental Lightt0
- Outcome
- fresh biomasse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 59.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stem height increasing by 66.3% in Prospera and 144.1% in Amethyst under FR light compared to white light, and fresh biomass increasing by 59.3% and 120.1%, respectively”
t0“Supplemental Light Differentially Regulates Indoor-Grown Basil (Ocimum basilicum) Growth, Volatile Compounds, and Sensory Attributes”
Claim · model-written summary
Far-red light increased Amethyst fresh biomass by 120.1%.
- Taxon
- BasilOcimum basilicumt0
- Material
- Amethyste0
- Treatment
- Supplemental Lightt0
- Outcome
- fresh biomasse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 120.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stem height increasing by 66.3% in Prospera and 144.1% in Amethyst under FR light compared to white light, and fresh biomass increasing by 59.3% and 120.1%, respectively”
t0“Supplemental Light Differentially Regulates Indoor-Grown Basil (Ocimum basilicum) Growth, Volatile Compounds, and Sensory Attributes”
Claim · model-written summary
Far-red light increased Prospera photosystem II efficiency by 20.9% relative to high-intensity white light.
- Taxon
- BasilOcimum basilicumt0
- Material
- Prosperae0
- Treatment
- FR lighte0
- Outcome
- photosystem II (PSII) efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 20.9%e0
- Comparator
- high-intensity white lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FR light increased photosystem II (PSII) efficiency by 20.9% and 34.3% in Prospera and Amethyst, respectively, compared to high-intensity white light”
t0“Supplemental Light Differentially Regulates Indoor-Grown Basil (Ocimum basilicum) Growth, Volatile Compounds, and Sensory Attributes”
Claim · model-written summary
Far-red light increased Amethyst photosystem II efficiency by 34.3% relative to high-intensity white light.
- Taxon
- BasilOcimum basilicumt0
- Material
- Amethyste0
- Treatment
- FR lighte0
- Outcome
- photosystem II (PSII) efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 34.3%e0
- Comparator
- high-intensity white lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FR light increased photosystem II (PSII) efficiency by 20.9% and 34.3% in Prospera and Amethyst, respectively, compared to high-intensity white light”
t0“Supplemental Light Differentially Regulates Indoor-Grown Basil (Ocimum basilicum) Growth, Volatile Compounds, and Sensory Attributes”
Claim · model-written summary
Far-red light increased citral levels in Prospera by 371.0%.
- Taxon
- BasilOcimum basilicumt0
- Material
- Prosperae0
- Treatment
- FR lighte0
- Outcome
- citral levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 371.0%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FR light increased citral levels by 371.0% in Prospera”
t0“Supplemental Light Differentially Regulates Indoor-Grown Basil (Ocimum basilicum) Growth, Volatile Compounds, and Sensory Attributes”
Claim · model-written summary
Far-red light increased allo-ocimene levels in Amethyst by 89.0% compared with control.
- Taxon
- BasilOcimum basilicumt0
- Material
- Amethyste0
- Treatment
- Supplemental Lightt0
- Outcome
- allo-ocimene levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 89.0%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“allo-ocimene levels increased by 89.0% in Amethyst compared to the control”
t0“Supplemental Light Differentially Regulates Indoor-Grown Basil (Ocimum basilicum) Growth, Volatile Compounds, and Sensory Attributes”
Claim · model-written summary
Far-red-grown basil had a stronger aromatic profile.
- Taxon
- basilOcimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- FR lighte0
- Outcome
- aromatic profilee0
- Direction
- strongere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sensory evaluations confirmed that basil grown under FR light had a stronger aromatic profile.”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue light reduced eugenol and linalool concentrations, producing a milder aroma.
- Taxon
- BasilOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- BL lighte0
- Outcome
- eugenol and linaloole0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BL light reduced concentrations of certain volatiles, such as eugenol and linalool, leading to a milder aroma.”
t0“Supplemental Light Differentially Regulates Indoor-Grown Basil (Ocimum basilicum) Growth, Volatile Compounds, and Sensory Attributes”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue light led to a milder basil aroma.
- Taxon
- BasilOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- BL lighte0
- Outcome
- aromae0
- Direction
- mildere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BL light reduced concentrations of certain volatiles, such as eugenol and linalool, leading to a milder aroma.”
t0“Supplemental Light Differentially Regulates Indoor-Grown Basil (Ocimum basilicum) Growth, Volatile Compounds, and Sensory Attributes”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose manipulating light spectra to optimize basil growth and aroma for consumer preferences.
- Taxon
- basilOcimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- light spectrae0
- Outcome
- optimize basil’s growth, morphology, and aromatic profilee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“light spectra can be strategically manipulated to optimize basil’s growth, morphology, and aromatic profile, aligning production with consumer preferences.”
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