Abstract
ABSTRACT Ammonia volatilization is a nitrogen (N) loss pathway with severe environmental impacts, such as ecosystem eutrophication and secondary particulate formation. Rainfed agricultural systems and sandy soils in the Florida panhandle provide ideal conditions for ammonia (NH 3 ) losses. This study investigated the potential of enhanced efficiency nitrogen fertilizers (EENFs) to reduce NH 3 losses under rainfed cotton production. The experiment was conducted in 2023 and 2024 using a randomised complete block design. The experiment included four fertilizers: urea (U), urea coated with urease inhibitor (U + NBPT), urea coated with urease and nitrification inhibitor (U + NBPT + DCD), and polymer‐coated urea (PCU [41‐0‐0]) applied at rate of 102 kg N/ha. Our results indicate that cumulative NH 3 emissions were 50%–87.5% higher under U than U + NBPT, U + NBPT + DCD, and PCU (41‐0‐0) in 2023. In 2024, U and U + NBPT had 83%–87% higher emissions than U + NBPT + DCD and PCU (41‐0‐0). There was no significant effect of EENFs on lint yield compared to U. This study underscores the potential of EENFs to reduce NH 3 losses under rainfed conditions.
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Claims 3
Claim · model-written summary
In 2023, urea had 50%–87.5% higher cumulative NH3 emissions than the urea with NBPT, urea with NBPT and DCD, and PCU fertilizers.
- Taxon
- Rainfed Cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- urea (U)e4
- Outcome
- cumulative NH 3 emissionse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 50%–87.5%e1
- Qualifier
- in 2023e1
- Comparator
- U + NBPT, U + NBPT + DCD, and PCU (41‐0‐0)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
t0“Rainfed Cotton”
e1“Our results indicate that cumulative NH 3 emissions were 50%–87.5% higher under U than U + NBPT, U + NBPT + DCD, and PCU (41‐0‐0) in 2023”
e4“urea (U), urea coated with urease inhibitor (U + NBPT)”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2024, urea and urea with NBPT had 83%–87% higher emissions than urea with NBPT and DCD and PCU.
- Taxon
- Rainfed Cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- U and U + NBPTe2
- Outcome
- emissionse2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 83%–87%e2
- Qualifier
- In 2024e2
- Comparator
- U + NBPT + DCD and PCU (41‐0‐0)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
t0“Rainfed Cotton”
e2“In 2024, U and U + NBPT had 83%–87% higher emissions than U + NBPT + DCD and PCU (41‐0‐0)”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced efficiency nitrogen fertilizers had no significant effect on lint yield compared with urea.
- Taxon
- Rainfed Cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- EENFse3
- Outcome
- lint yielde3
- Direction
- no significant effecte3
- Comparator
- Ue3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
t0“Rainfed Cotton”
e3“There was no significant effect of EENFs on lint yield compared to U”
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