Paper · 2025 · Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment

Enhanced Efficiency Nitrogen Fertilizers Reduced Ammonia Emissions in Rainfed Cotton

Kulpreet Singh; Eajaz A. Dar; Satinderpal Singh; et al.

3
claims
7
verbatim quotes
1
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by

Abstract

ABSTRACT Ammonia volatilization is a nitrogen (N) loss pathway with severe environmental impacts, such as ecosystem eutrophication and secondary particulate formation. Rainfed agricultural systems and sandy soils in the Florida panhandle provide ideal conditions for ammonia (NH 3 ) losses. This study investigated the potential of enhanced efficiency nitrogen fertilizers (EENFs) to reduce NH 3 losses under rainfed cotton production. The experiment was conducted in 2023 and 2024 using a randomised complete block design. The experiment included four fertilizers: urea (U), urea coated with urease inhibitor (U + NBPT), urea coated with urease and nitrification inhibitor (U + NBPT + DCD), and polymer‐coated urea (PCU [41‐0‐0]) applied at rate of 102 kg N/ha. Our results indicate that cumulative NH 3 emissions were 50%–87.5% higher under U than U + NBPT, U + NBPT + DCD, and PCU (41‐0‐0) in 2023. In 2024, U and U + NBPT had 83%–87% higher emissions than U + NBPT + DCD and PCU (41‐0‐0). There was no significant effect of EENFs on lint yield compared to U. This study underscores the potential of EENFs to reduce NH 3 losses under rainfed conditions.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 3

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In 2023, urea had 50%–87.5% higher cumulative NH3 emissions than the urea with NBPT, urea with NBPT and DCD, and PCU fertilizers.

Taxon
Rainfed CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
Treatment
urea (U)e4
Outcome
cumulative NH 3 emissionse1
Direction
highere1
Value
50%–87.5%e1
Qualifier
in 2023e1
Comparator
U + NBPT, U + NBPT + DCD, and PCU (41‐0‐0)e1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum · TaxonChriKo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Rainfed Cotton”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 70–84 · show in text ↑
e1

“Our results indicate that cumulative NH 3 emissions were 50%–87.5% higher under U than U + NBPT, U + NBPT + DCD, and PCU (41‐0‐0) in 2023”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 763–900 · show in text ↑
e4

“urea (U), urea coated with urease inhibitor (U + NBPT)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 566–620 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In 2024, urea and urea with NBPT had 83%–87% higher emissions than urea with NBPT and DCD and PCU.

Taxon
Rainfed CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
Treatment
U and U + NBPTe2
Outcome
emissionse2
Direction
highere2
Value
83%–87%e2
Qualifier
In 2024e2
Comparator
U + NBPT + DCD and PCU (41‐0‐0)e2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum · TaxonChriKo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Rainfed Cotton”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 70–84 · show in text ↑
e2

“In 2024, U and U + NBPT had 83%–87% higher emissions than U + NBPT + DCD and PCU (41‐0‐0)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 902–991 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Enhanced efficiency nitrogen fertilizers had no significant effect on lint yield compared with urea.

Taxon
Rainfed CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
Treatment
EENFse3
Outcome
lint yielde3
Direction
no significant effecte3
Comparator
Ue3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum · TaxonChriKo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Rainfed Cotton”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 70–84 · show in text ↑
e3

“There was no significant effect of EENFs on lint yield compared to U”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 993–1061 · show in text ↑

nitrogen · environment: emissions · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results

8 papers: 3 positive, 5 negative or no effect

4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

4 papers more in this group

See all 8 papers →

fertilization · quality: grain · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results

129 papers: 82 positive, 47 negative or no effect

46 papers in the same direction as this paper · 82 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

125 papers more in this group

See all 129 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.