Abstract
This study investigates the effects of soybean seed priming with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs) or zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on germination and plant growth under cadmium (Cd) stress. Soybean seeds were primed with TiO 2 NPs (50, 100, 200, or 400 mg/L) or ZnO NPs (50, 100, 300, or 500 mg/L) followed by Cd exposure during the germination (7 days) and plant (35 days) stages. The results demonstrate that priming with 100 mg/L ZnO NPs significantly enhanced soybean germination energy by 22.5%; 100 mg/L TiO 2 NPs and 300 mg/L ZnO NPs increased the fresh shoot and root weights by 63 and 21%, respectively, and enhanced the in-planta antioxidant capacity compared to the water-primed controls. In addition, 100 mg/L TiO 2 NPs reduced Cd accumulation by 60% in stems and by 34% in leaves. Meanwhile, 100 mg/L TiO 2 NPs and 100 mg/L ZnO NPs fixed significantly more Cd in the cell walls, thereby mitigating phytotoxicity to leaf organelles. This work demonstrates that seed priming with TiO 2 and ZnO NPs can simultaneously promote growth and alleviate the adverse effects of Cd stress on soybean and highlights the potential of this approach as a sustainable food safety strategy for crop production.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Priming with 100 mg/L ZnO NPs enhanced soybean germination energy by 22.5%.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- priming with 100 mg/L ZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- germination energye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 22.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“priming with 100 mg/L ZnO NPs significantly enhanced soybean germination energy by 22.5%”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming with 100 mg/L TiO 2 NPs increased fresh shoot weight by 63%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 100 mg/L TiO 2 NPse0
- Outcome
- fresh shoote0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 63e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“100 mg/L TiO 2 NPs and 300 mg/L ZnO NPs increased the fresh shoot and root weights by 63 and 21%, respectively”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming with 300 mg/L ZnO NPs increased fresh root weight by 21%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 300 mg/L ZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- root weightse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 21%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“100 mg/L TiO 2 NPs and 300 mg/L ZnO NPs increased the fresh shoot and root weights by 63 and 21%, respectively”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoparticle priming enhanced antioxidant capacity relative to water priming.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 100 mg/L TiO 2 NPs and 300 mg/L ZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- in-planta antioxidant capacitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- water-primed controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“100 mg/L TiO 2 NPs and 300 mg/L ZnO NPs increased the fresh shoot and root weights by 63 and 21%, respectively, and enhanced the in-planta antioxidant capacity compared to the water-primed controls”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming with 100 mg/L TiO 2 NPs reduced stem Cd accumulation by 60%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- stemse0
- Treatment
- 100 mg/L TiO 2 NPse0
- Outcome
- Cd accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 60%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“100 mg/L TiO 2 NPs reduced Cd accumulation by 60% in stems and by 34% in leaves”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming with 100 mg/L TiO 2 NPs reduced leaf Cd accumulation by 34%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- 100 mg/L TiO 2 NPse0
- Outcome
- Cd accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 34%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“100 mg/L TiO 2 NPs reduced Cd accumulation by 60% in stems and by 34% in leaves”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
TiO 2 priming fixed significantly more Cd in cell walls.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 100 mg/L TiO 2 NPse0
- Outcome
- Cd in the cell wallse0
- Direction
- moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“100 mg/L TiO 2 NPs and 100 mg/L ZnO NPs fixed significantly more Cd in the cell walls”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO priming fixed significantly more Cd in cell walls.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 100 mg/L ZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- Cd in the cell wallse0
- Direction
- moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“100 mg/L TiO 2 NPs and 100 mg/L ZnO NPs fixed significantly more Cd in the cell walls”
t0“Soybean”
The same questions in other papers
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- negative
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25 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
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73 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
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See all 82 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.