Abstract
Effects of LED illumination on callus induction from petals of Karaked and Scarlet chrysanthemums cultivated in MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/I NAA and 4 mg/l Kinetin, under white LED light (PPFD 30±2 µmol/m2/s) and red to blue light in the ratios 30:10, 40:15, and 30:3 (PPFD 50±2 µmol/m2/s) for 16 h. It was determined that a light ratio throughout 4 weeks culture period had no impact on the fresh weight of callus. Conversely, varying light proportions yield distinct callus dry weights. Upon evaluating cultivar parameters, it was determined that ‘Karaked’ exhibited more fresh and dry weight compared to the callus of the ‘Scarlet’. Analysis of Karaked's callus showed that callus cultured under 30:3 red to blue LED light exhibited the largest concentrations of all photosynthetic pigments, the greatest levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total phenolic compounds, and the lowest EC50 value for DPPH free radical inhibition. In the case of the Scarlet chrysanthemum, following 8 weeks of callus induction, it was observed that a light ratio of red to blue at 40:15 yielded the maximum concentrations of chlorophyll a and carotenoids. No statistical difference was seen in the quantity of chlorophyll b. The MDA content of Scarlet’s callus cultivated under white LED light was the highest, and the EC50 value for DPPH free radical inhibition was also the highest. Callus produced under red to blue LED light ratios of 30:10, 40:15, and 30:3 exhibited greater quantities of phenolic compared to callus cultured under white LED light.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Light ratio did not affect fresh weight of callus over four weeks.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum
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Chrysanthemumt0 - Treatment
- a light ratioe0
- Outcome
- fresh weight of calluse0
- Direction
- no impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpeg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“a light ratio throughout 4 weeks culture period had no impact on the fresh weight of callus”
t0“Chrysanthemum Callus”
Claim · model-written summary
Different light proportions produced distinct callus dry weights.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- varying light proportionse0
- Outcome
- callus dry weightse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“varying light proportions yield distinct callus dry weights”
t0“Chrysanthemum Callus”
Claim · model-written summary
Karaked callus had more fresh and dry weight than Scarlet callus.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemumsChrysanthemume1
- Material
- ‘Karaked’e0
- Organ / stage
- calluse0
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weighte0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- ‘Scarlet’e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Karaked’ exhibited more fresh and dry weight compared to the callus of the ‘Scarlet’”
e1“Karaked and Scarlet chrysanthemums”
Claim · model-written summary
Karaked callus under a 30:3 red to blue ratio had the largest photosynthetic pigment concentrations.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemumsChrysanthemume1
- Material
- Karakede1
- Organ / stage
- calluse0
- Treatment
- 30:3 red to blue LED lighte0
- Outcome
- concentrations of all photosynthetic pigmentse0
- Direction
- largeste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“callus cultured under 30:3 red to blue LED light exhibited the largest concentrations of all photosynthetic pigments”
e1“Karaked and Scarlet chrysanthemums”
Claim · model-written summary
Karaked callus under 30:3 had the greatest MDA and total phenolic levels.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemumsChrysanthemume1
- Material
- Karakede1
- Organ / stage
- calluse0
- Treatment
- 30:3 red to blue LED lighte0
- Outcome
- levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total phenolic compoundse0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“callus cultured under 30:3 red to blue LED light exhibited the largest concentrations of all photosynthetic pigments, the greatest levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total phenolic compounds”
e1“Karaked and Scarlet chrysanthemums”
Claim · model-written summary
Karaked callus under 30:3 had the lowest DPPH inhibition EC50.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemumsChrysanthemume2
- Material
- Karakede2
- Treatment
- 30:3 red to blue LED lighte1
- Outcome
- EC50 value for DPPH free radical inhibitione0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lowest EC50 value for DPPH free radical inhibition”
e1“callus cultured under 30:3 red to blue LED light”
e2“Karaked and Scarlet chrysanthemums”
Claim · model-written summary
Scarlet callus under 40:15 had maximum chlorophyll a and carotenoid concentrations after eight weeks.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemumChrysanthemume1
- Material
- Scarlete1
- Organ / stage
- calluse0
- Treatment
- a light ratio of red to blue at 40:15e0
- Outcome
- concentrations of chlorophyll a and carotenoidse0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Qualifier
- following 8 weeks of callus inductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“following 8 weeks of callus induction, it was observed that a light ratio of red to blue at 40:15 yielded the maximum concentrations of chlorophyll a and carotenoids”
e1“In the case of the Scarlet chrysanthemum”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll b quantity showed no statistical difference.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemumChrysanthemume1
- Material
- Scarlete1
- Outcome
- quantity of chlorophyll be0
- Direction
- No statistical differencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No statistical difference was seen in the quantity of chlorophyll b”
e1“In the case of the Scarlet chrysanthemum”
Claim · model-written summary
Scarlet callus under white LEDs had the highest MDA content.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemumChrysanthemume1
- Material
- Scarlete1
- Organ / stage
- calluse0
- Treatment
- white LED lighte0
- Outcome
- MDA contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The MDA content of Scarlet’s callus cultivated under white LED light was the highest”
e1“In the case of the Scarlet chrysanthemum”
Claim · model-written summary
Scarlet callus under white LEDs had the highest DPPH inhibition EC50.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemumChrysanthemume2
- Material
- Scarlete1
- Treatment
- white LED lighte1
- Outcome
- EC50 value for DPPH free radical inhibitione0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the EC50 value for DPPH free radical inhibition was also the highest”
e1“Scarlet’s callus cultivated under white LED light”
e2“In the case of the Scarlet chrysanthemum”
Claim · model-written summary
Callus under red to blue LED ratios of 30:10, 40:15 and 30:3 had more phenolic than under white LEDs.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemumChrysanthemume1
- Material
- Scarlete1
- Organ / stage
- Calluse0
- Treatment
- red to blue LED light ratios of 30:10, 40:15, and 30:3e0
- Outcome
- quantities of phenolice0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- white LED lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Callus produced under red to blue LED light ratios of 30:10, 40:15, and 30:3 exhibited greater quantities of phenolic compared to callus cultured under white LED light”
e1“In the case of the Scarlet chrysanthemum”
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