Abstract
Inflorescence buds, produced by vernalized Chrysanthemum plants in long day, cease to grow, and die at an early stage if maintained in long day, but will produce open flowers if transferred to short day. Dissection of such buds reveals that development does not proceed beyond the formation of the bare receptacle and no florets are initiated, while inflorescence buds produced in short day have almost completed floret initiation when they become macroscopically visible. Inflorescence buds produced in long day can be induced to complete their development in long day by: removal of all lateral shoots, and by re-rooting the inflorescence itself, leaving only a number of bracts on its axis. Inflorescence buds produced in short day can be inhibited from developing by transfer to long day, transfer to low light intensity in short day, and application of auxin paste. All three methods of inhibition become progressively less effective with the advancing development of the bud. The latest stage at which development was found to have been arrested was that of ovule formation. Heights of plants were determined at budding and when the flowers had started to open; marked differences due to length of day were found. Teratological effects noted in buds, exposed for extended periods to long day, included formation of bracts on the receptacle (the absence of which distinguishes the subtribe Chrysantheminae of the Compositae to which the Chrysanthemum belongs) as well as secondary inflorescences, petaloid stamens, &c. The results are discussed in relation to known effects of auxin on vegetative growth and reproduction.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Inflorescence buds of vernalized Chrysanthemum plants ceased to grow and died early when maintained in long day.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum
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Chrysanthemume0 - Organ / stage
- Inflorescence budse0
- Treatment
- maintained in long daye1
- Outcome
- cease to grow, and die at an early stagee1
- Comparator
- transferred to short daye1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
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Verbatim
e0“Inflorescence buds, produced by vernalized Chrysanthemum plants in long day”
e1“cease to grow, and die at an early stage if maintained in long day, but will produce open flowers if transferred to short day”
Claim · model-written summary
Inflorescence buds produced open flowers when transferred from long day to short day.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemume0
- Organ / stage
- Inflorescence budse0
- Treatment
- transferred to short daye1
- Outcome
- open flowerse1
- Comparator
- maintained in long daye1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inflorescence buds, produced by vernalized Chrysanthemum plants in long day”
e1“cease to grow, and die at an early stage if maintained in long day, but will produce open flowers if transferred to short day”
Claim · model-written summary
Dissected buds showed development not proceeding beyond the bare receptacle, with no florets initiated.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemume0
- Organ / stage
- Inflorescence budse0
- Outcome
- development does not proceed beyond the formation of the bare receptaclee2
- Qualifier
- no florets are initiatede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inflorescence buds, produced by vernalized Chrysanthemum plants in long day”
e2“Dissection of such buds reveals that development does not proceed beyond the formation of the bare receptacle and no florets are initiated”
Claim · model-written summary
Short-day inflorescence buds had almost completed floret initiation when they became macroscopically visible.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemume0
- Organ / stage
- inflorescence budse3
- Outcome
- floret initiatione3
- Qualifier
- when they become macroscopically visiblee3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inflorescence buds, produced by vernalized Chrysanthemum plants in long day”
e3“while inflorescence buds produced in short day have almost completed floret initiation when they become macroscopically visible”
Claim · model-written summary
Long-day inflorescence buds completed development in long day when all lateral shoots were removed.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemume0
- Treatment
- removal of all lateral shootse4
- Outcome
- complete their development in long daye4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inflorescence buds, produced by vernalized Chrysanthemum plants in long day”
e4“Inflorescence buds produced in long day can be induced to complete their development in long day by: removal of all lateral shoots, and by re-rooting the inflorescence itself, leaving only a number of bracts on its axis”
Claim · model-written summary
Long-day inflorescence buds completed development in long day when the inflorescence was re-rooted.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemume0
- Treatment
- re-rooting the inflorescence itselfe4
- Outcome
- complete their development in long daye4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inflorescence buds, produced by vernalized Chrysanthemum plants in long day”
e4“Inflorescence buds produced in long day can be induced to complete their development in long day by: removal of all lateral shoots, and by re-rooting the inflorescence itself, leaving only a number of bracts on its axis”
Claim · model-written summary
Short-day inflorescence buds were inhibited from developing by transfer to long day.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemume0
- Treatment
- transfer to long daye5
- Outcome
- inhibited from developinge5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inflorescence buds, produced by vernalized Chrysanthemum plants in long day”
e5“Inflorescence buds produced in short day can be inhibited from developing by transfer to long day, transfer to low light intensity in short day, and application of auxin paste”
Claim · model-written summary
Short-day inflorescence buds were inhibited from developing by transfer to low light intensity in short day.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemume0
- Treatment
- transfer to low light intensity in short daye5
- Outcome
- inhibited from developinge5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inflorescence buds, produced by vernalized Chrysanthemum plants in long day”
e5“Inflorescence buds produced in short day can be inhibited from developing by transfer to long day, transfer to low light intensity in short day, and application of auxin paste”
Claim · model-written summary
Short-day inflorescence buds were inhibited from developing by application of auxin paste.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemume0
- Treatment
- application of auxin pastee5
- Outcome
- inhibited from developinge5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inflorescence buds, produced by vernalized Chrysanthemum plants in long day”
e5“Inflorescence buds produced in short day can be inhibited from developing by transfer to long day, transfer to low light intensity in short day, and application of auxin paste”
Claim · model-written summary
The inhibition methods became progressively less effective as bud development advanced.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemume0
- Treatment
- methods of inhibitione6
- Outcome
- inhibitione6
- Direction
- progressively less effectivee6
- Qualifier
- with the advancing development of the bude6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inflorescence buds, produced by vernalized Chrysanthemum plants in long day”
e6“All three methods of inhibition become progressively less effective with the advancing development of the bud”
Claim · model-written summary
The latest developmental stage at which bud development was arrested was ovule formation.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemume0
- Organ / stage
- ovule formatione7
- Outcome
- latest stage at which development was found to have been arrestede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inflorescence buds, produced by vernalized Chrysanthemum plants in long day”
e7“The latest stage at which development was found to have been arrested was that of ovule formation”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height differed markedly with length of day, at budding and at flower opening.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemume0
- Treatment
- length of daye6
- Outcome
- Heights of plantse6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inflorescence buds, produced by vernalized Chrysanthemum plants in long day”
e6“Heights of plants were determined at budding and when the flowers had started to open; marked differences due to length of day were found”
Claim · model-written summary
Buds exposed for extended periods to long day developed teratological effects, including bracts on the receptacle, secondary inflorescences and petaloid stamens.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemume0
- Treatment
- exposed for extended periods to long daye6
- Outcome
- Teratological effectse6
- Qualifier
- secondary inflorescences, petaloid stamense7
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inflorescence buds, produced by vernalized Chrysanthemum plants in long day”
e6“Teratological effects noted in buds, exposed for extended periods to long day, included formation of bracts on the receptacle”
e7“as well as secondary inflorescences, petaloid stamens”
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